民族地区生态资源开发模式研究——以闽东畲乡为例

A Study on the Development Mode of Ecological Resources in Ethnic Regions--Taking She Nationality Villages in the East of Fujian Province as an Example

使用公共治理观点,对少数民族地区生态资源开发模式的效率及外部性问题进行研究,具有理论和现实意义。通过对闽东地区9个畲族行政乡的田野调查,研究发现:闽东各畲乡的生态资源开发过度依赖于政府或市场的单一主导,易造成区域内生态环境破坏和民族生态文化损毁,导致“公共地悲剧”或“反公共地悲剧”。为此,应结合现代公共治理理论,将社会团体、地方组织、社区民众等更多利害关系人纳入开发主体范畴,进行生态资源开发的网络化治理;通过多元主体间持续性协商互动,发展出少数民族地区生态资源“六产化”的开发模式。

This paper studies the efficiency and externality of the development mode of ecological resources in ethnic regions from the view of public governance.Based on the field investigation of nine She nationality villages in the east of Fujian Province,it is found that the development of the ecological resources of these villages is excessively dependent on the government or the market’s single-leadership,resulting in the destruction of the ecological environment and ethnic ecological culture in the region,forming the“tragedy of the commons”or“tragedy of anti-commons”.Combined with modern public governance theory,it is proposed to bring more stakeholders such as social groups,local organizations and community people into the category of development subjects,to carry out the network governance of ecological resources development,and to expand the development mode of“six production”of ecological resources in ethnic regions through the continuous consultation and interaction among multiple subjects.