飞行人员健康饮水和排尿知、信、行的调查分析

Levels of knowledge,attitude and behavior related to water-drinking and urination among aircrews in aviation forces

目的调查9个航空兵部队不同机型的159名飞行人员饮水和排尿的相关知识、态度、行为状况,并分析饮水相关影响因素,为进一步开展健康饮水、排尿宣教和干预提供科学依据。方法抽取159名男性飞行人员参与问卷调查,统计相关项目知识知晓率、态度持有率和行为形成率等数据,并以机型不同分为轰炸机、战斗机和特种机3组。结果不同机型的飞行人员在健康饮水和排尿的知识知晓率、态度持有率和行为形成率总体良好,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),只是饮水量不达标率高达50%以上,且对"每天应该喝水的量"的知晓率普遍较低,轰炸机、战斗机和特种机飞行人员分别是23.33%、5.66%和26.67%,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而飞行人员饮水相关分数与其年龄、职业、飞机类型和飞行等级差异无统计学意义。飞行有便意时,高达46.23%的战斗机飞行人员选择憋尿的方式,高于其他2组(P<0.05)。结论不同机型飞行人员健康饮水和排尿的知识知晓率、态度持有率和行为形成率总体良好,但饮水量明显不足,部分知识知晓率也较低,并存在不良行为,有必要加强健康饮水和排尿知识宣教、干预并形成长效机制,来促进飞行人员健康和提高战斗力。

Objective To investigate the amount of knowledge,attitude,and behavior regarding water-drinking and urination among 159 pilots of different aircraft types from 9 aviation troops,and analyze the factors related to waterdrinking in order to provide data from healthy water-drinking and urination.Methods One hundred and fifty-nine male pilots were divided into the bomber group,fighter group and special aircraft group according to the types of aircraft they flew.A questionnaire survey was conducted among them before the data on their knowledge,attitude,and behavior associated with water-drinking and urination was statistically analyzed.Results The pilots for different types of aircraft had a good knowledge of healthy water-drinking and urination,and their attitude and behavior were generally proper.There was no statistically significant difference between them(P>0.05).However,more than half of them drank an inadequate amount of water and many of them were ignorant of the right amount of water that needed to be drunk daily.The percentage of pilots of bombers who knew of the adequate amount of water needed daily was 23.33%,compared with 5.66%for pilots of fighters,and 26.67%for pilots of special aircraft,so the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Scores related to water-drinking were not statistically related to age,occupations,aircraft types,or flight levels.When there was the need for urination during flight,up to 46.23%of fighter pilots chose to hold back their urine,which was significantly higher than in the other two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion The levels of knowledge,attitude,and behavior with regard to healthy water-drinking and urination among pilots of different aircraft types are generally good,but some of them obviously drink inadequate water.Education and intervention intended for healthy water-drinking and urination should be made more accessible to promote pilots’health and combat effectiveness.