大气细颗粒物金属组分对呼吸系统损害的研究进展

Research progress on respiratory system damage by metal components of atmospheric fine particulate matter

我国环境大气污染问题形势依然严峻,大气污染的主要组分细颗粒物由于其径粒特性,易被人体吸入,直接引起呼吸系统损害。大气细颗粒物为混合物,其金属组分对呼吸系统损害的作用日益受到关注。本文汇总了近年国内外相关的体外细胞实验、动物实验以及人群流行病学研究,从细颗粒物的金属成分与肺部炎症反应、氧化应激、肺通气功能改变、呼吸道症状、哮喘、肺癌等方面综述其对呼吸系统的健康影响。提示大气细颗粒物中的金属成分能导致肺部炎症水平提高,使肺部细胞过氧化应激,发生氧化应激和氧化损伤,促使肺功能下降,长期接触更会诱发呼吸系统疾病发生。

The situation of environmental air pollution in China is still grim.Fine particulate matter in the atmosphere is easily inhaled by the human body due to its particle size characteristics,causing respiratory system damage after deposition in the alveoli.Atmospheric fine particulate matter is a mixture and the role of its metallic components on respiratory damage is of increasing interest.In this review,relevant in vitro cell experiments,animal experiments and human population epidemiological studies were summarized.This paper focuses on the health effects of metals in fine particulate matter of air pollution on respiratory system from aspects of pulmonary inflammation,oxidative stress,lung function changes,respiratory symptoms,asthma and lung cancer.It is suggest that metal components in fine particulate matter can induce pulmonary inflammation,leading to lung cell peroxidation,oxidative stress and oxidative damage,resulting in decreased lung function,and long-term exposure will increase the risk of respiratory diseases such as asthma.