低温贮箱用复合材料的研究进展

Research Progress of Composites for Cryotank

系统地概括了低温贮箱用复合材料的研究背景、进展动态及研究现状,重点介绍了复合材料低温贮箱成型工艺、复合材料与低温推进剂之间的安全性及复合材料自身的低温力学性能。研究表明:自动铺丝成型工艺推动了无内衬的复合材料低温贮箱的发展;在冷热循环作用下界面等薄弱区域萌生大量微裂纹,机械载荷促进下形成低温推进剂泄漏路径;开发满足液氧相容性要求、工艺要求和力学性能优异的环氧树脂,是发展液氧贮箱用复合材料体系的关键;研究冷热循环作用和改性方法对于复合材料力学性能的影响,对可重复使用航天器复合材料低温贮箱应用的意义重大。

Research background,progress and current research status of composites for cryotanks are reviewed systematically.The molding process of composite cryotanks,the safety between composites and cryogenic propellants and the low-temperature mechanical properties of composites are highlighted.Studies have shown that the automatic fiber placement promotes the development of non-lined composite cryotanks.A large number of microcracks are formed in weak areas such as interfaces under cryo-thermal cycling,and the leakage path of low-temperature propellant can be formed under mechanical load.Epoxy resin system with excellent liquid oxygen compatibility,mechanical properties and suitable processing performance is the key to develop composites for liquid oxygen storage tanks.Revealing the effects of cryo-thermal cycling and modification methods on mechanical properties of composites is of great significance to the application of reusable spacecraft composite cryotanks.