高寒草原地区安格斯和西门塔尔母牛血液及肌内脂肪酸组成特性

Blood and Intramuscular Fatty Acid Composition of Angus and Simmental Cows in Alpine Grassland

随机采集48月龄安格斯和西门塔尔母牛各37头血液样品以及用于肉质分析的各5头母牛背最长肌肉样。样品经过前处理和甲酯化后,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定脂肪酸组成和含量,对血液和肌内脂肪酸组成特性进行分析。结果表明:安格斯和西门塔尔母牛血液和肌内脂肪中均测得36种脂肪酸,样品中均含有51%以上的高含量饱和脂肪酸(saturated fatty acids,SFA),且具有以棕榈酸和硬脂酸为主的组成特点,二者总含量分别约占血液和肌内脂肪SFA的92%和89%;不饱和脂肪酸(unsaturated fatty acids,UFA)中油酸相对含量最高,其次为亚油酸;血液和肌内脂肪的油酸含量均约占单不饱和脂肪酸总量的87%,UFA中各主要脂肪酸组成在血液中有显著性差异,而在肌内脂肪中无显著性差异;血液和肌内脂肪中n-6/n-3 PUFA均符合联合国粮农组织(United Nations Food Agriculture Organization,FAO)推荐比例(5~10),血液中P/S高于世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)推荐标准(≥0.4)。综上所述,高寒草原饲养的纯种安格斯和西门塔尔母牛血液和肌内脂肪酸组成特性相似,UFA符合FAO和WHO理想比值及推荐标准,具有较高的营养价值。

Blood samples from 37 randomly selected Angus and Simmental cows at the age of 48 months each and Longissimus dorsi muscle samples from 5 cows each breed were collected for this study.After pretreatment and methyl esterification,the composition of fatty acids in blood and muscle was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The results showed that 36 fatty acids were detected in blood of each breed and also in intramuscular fat.All samples had high contents(up to more than 51%)of saturated fatty acids(SFA),which were mainly composed of palmitic acid and stearic acid,accounting for 92%and 89%of the total SFA in blood and intramuscular fat,respectively.In addition,oleic acid was the most predominant unsaturated fatty acid(UFA),followed by linoleic acid;the former accounted for about 87%of the total monounsaturated fatty acids in blood and intramuscular fat,respectively.The major UFAs showed significant differences in blood but not in intramuscular fat.Furthermore,n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in blood and intramuscular fat were within the United Nations Food Agriculture Organization(FAO)recommended range(5-10),and blood P/S ratio was higher than the World Health Organization(WHO)recommended standard(≥0.4).This study concluded that the composition of blood and intramuscular fatty acids was similar between pure Angus and Simmental cows raised in alpine pasture and UFA composition accorded with the ideal pattern recommended by the FAO and WHO,suggesting high nutritional value.