侵权责任:徘徊在债与责任之间的立法价值

Tort Liability:Legislative Value Hovering between Debt and Liability

侵权责任在债与责任之间徘徊,是对《民法典》规定侵权责任法律属性的概括,即确认侵权责任既是侵权之债,又是民事责任,具有双重属性,因而在立法上,并未将侵权之债规定在合同编或者之后,而是作为第七编规定在《民法典》最后一编,作为民事权利保护法。立法者将侵权责任徘徊在债与责任之间体现了重要的立法价值,一是实现侵权损害赔偿回归债法传统的目的,二是科学建构民事权利保护方法的请求权体系,三是保持债法规则的整体性和通用性,四是确认侵权责任法的基本功能是民事权利保护法。其最基本的价值,就在于通过实现《民法典》的“总-分-总”结构,充分发挥侵权责任保护民事权利的职能作用,更好地保护好民事主体的民事权益。

Tort liability hovers between debt and liability,which is a summary of the legal attributes of tort liability under the Civil Code.That is,it confirms that tort liability has a dual attribute,being both a debt in tort and a civil liability.Thus,in the legislation,the tort liability is not provided in the Civil Code,either in or after the contract part,but in the last part of the Civil Code,i.e.,Title VII,as the law protecting civil rights.The legislator hovering the tort liability between debt and liability reflects the important legislative value.The first is to realize the purpose of returning tort damages to the tradition of debt law,the second is to scientifically construct the claim system of civil rights protection methods,the third is to maintain the integrity and universality of the rules of debt law,and the fourth is to confirm the basic function of tort liability law as the law of civil rights protection.Its most basic value lies in the“general-division-general”structure of the Civil Code,giving full play to the function of tort liability to protect civil rights and better protect the civil rights and interests of civil subjects.