《刑法修正案(十一)》中猥亵儿童罪加重情节的理解与适用

Understanding and Application of Aggravating Circumstances of the Crime of Child Molestation in the 11th Amendment of Criminal Law

《刑法修正案(十一)》通过设置独立适用的加重情节、增设加重情节具体类型、限制加重情节扩张适用,明确和完善了猥亵儿童罪的加重情节。对“在公共场所当众猥亵儿童”情节的认定应把握公共场所的相对公开性,是否“情节恶劣”应以儿童身心健康法益遭受侵害的程度作为判断依据;在人数较多的公共场所或者儿童聚集活动的场所猥亵儿童属于“情节恶劣”,猥亵儿童被在场他人实际感知到或者被感知到的可能性较大亦属于“情节恶劣”。在涉网络的猥亵儿童罪中,网络隔空猥亵和网络直播猥亵均可能构成“在公共场所当众”实施。在猥亵儿童罪新增加重情节的认定方面,应以造成轻微伤作为认定“造成儿童伤害”的底线,侵入型猥亵手段和具有较大人身伤害可能性的暴力、胁迫手段属于“手段恶劣”的典型类型,负有监护职责者猥亵儿童的属于“其他恶劣情节”。

The 11th Amendment of Criminal Law amended the aggravating circumstances of child molestation from three aspects:setting aggravating circumstances which are applicable independently,increasing aggravating circumstances’types and restricting the application of aggravating circumstances.The interpretation of“in public”should be based on the feature of relative openness,and whether the aggravating circumstances is“bad”should depend on the degree of harm to the child’s physical and mental health.Molesting a child in public place with a large number of people present or in public place where children gather is“bad circumstance”.Molesting child is actually perceived or more likely to be perceived by others present,which also belongs to“bad circumstances”.Among the crimes of child molestation related to the Internet,both molestation online and molestation webcast are likely to constitute aggravating circumstance of“in public”.Minor injury should be considered as the criterion for causing injury to a child.Harmful means should include intrusive child molestation,violence with a high risk of injury and coercion with a high risk of injury.Child molestation by a person in charge of custody should be considered as“other bad circumstances”.