农家肥与化肥梯度减施对小麦农艺性状及产量的影响

Effects of Application of Farmyard Manure Combined with Fertilizers at Reduced Application Rates on Wheat Agronomic Characters and Yield

为探索出云南小麦施肥的最佳模式,筛选出科学合理的小麦施肥方法,减少麦田化肥施入量,提高小麦化肥利用效率,保护环境,并为小麦绿色栽培大面积推广应用提供依据。以底肥尿素、复合肥、硫酸钾与猪粪配置处理,进行小麦梯度施肥试验。结果表明:在常规施肥量的基础上,减施20%处理小麦产量最高,达7210.05 kg/hm^(2),增效最大,达3550.51元/hm^(2);减施20%、40%及60%处理的小麦产量差异不具统计学意义,减施60%的处理使小麦能获得7035 kg/hm^(2)的较高产量,而且化肥投入仅为1170元/hm^(2),农户增加纯收入1988.40元/hm^(2),增收最多。

The objectives of the current research were to explore the optimal wheat fertilization mode,improve fertilizer utilization efficiency,and reduce fertilizer input in order to protect the environment.A wheat field trial was carried out,consisting of six treatments with different fertilizer application rates:T1,the control treatment without any fertilizer;T2,urea 90 kg/hm^(2)+compound fertilizer 45 kg/hm^(2)+potassium sulfate 30 kg/hm^(2)+pig manure 3000 kg/hm^(2);T3,urea 180 kg/hm^(2)+compound fertilizer 90 kg/hm^(2)+potassium sulfate 60 kg/hm^(2)+pig manure 6000 kg/hm^(2);T4,urea 270 kg/hm^(2)+compound fertilizer 135 kg/hm^(2)+potassium sulfate 90 kg/hm^(2)+pig manure 9000 kg/hm^(2);T5,urea 360 kg/hm^(2)+compound fertilizer 180 kg/hm^(2)+potassium sulfate 120 kg/hm^(2)+pig manure 12000 kg/hm^(2);T6,the conventional fertilization control(urea 450 kg/hm^(2)+compound fertilizer 225 kg/hm^(2)+potassium sulfate 150 kg/hm^(2)+pig manure 15000 kg/hm^(2)).All fertilizers were applied as the basal treatment.Among all treatments,T5 attained the highest yield of 7210.05 kg/hm^(2) and the greatest benefit increase by 3550.51 yuan/hm^(2);T3,T4,and T5,which had reductions in the amount of applied fertilizers by 60%,40%,and 20%,respectively,compared with T6,showed differences in yield,which,however,were not statistically significant.T3 had a relatively higher yield of 7035 kg/hm^(2),its fertilizer input was only 1170 yuan/hm^(2),and it brought farmers the maximum net income of 1988.40 yuan/hm^(2).Overall,with a 60%reduction in fertilizer application rate,T3 led to the greatest benefit increase.The results in this study have laid foundations for establishing environmentally friendly cultivation modes applicable to large-scale wheat production.