“新冠疫情”背景下邪教犯罪实证调查与规范治理——以2020年211份刑事裁判文书为主要分析样本

Empirical Investigation and Standardized Governance of Cult Crimes under the Background of“the Novel Coronavirus Epidemic”——Take 211 criminal judgment documents in 2020 as the main analysis sample

“新冠疫情”期间,邪教犯罪表现出隐蔽性更强、传播性更广、打击难度更大等新型特征。实证调查发现:邪教犯罪分布广,且有相对高发省份;邪教犯罪量刑普遍较轻,大多适用缓刑;邪教犯罪被告人认罪悔罪情况明显,但累犯数量较多;传播方式多样,线上线下结合;针对邪教的线上传播,电子取证存在争议;被告人辩解理由多样,但极少获得法院支持;罚金刑数额差异巨大,无固定标准。其治理困境在于:滋生条件并未根本消除,一般防控难以因应犯罪形势,相关法规存在薄弱环节。理应以总体国家安全观为我国邪教治理的根本遵循,构建邪教犯罪法律规范体系,从推进机构职能衔接、完善绩效评价模式、注重“态度免疫效应”等角度出发创新邪教犯罪综合治理体系。

During the"the Novel Coronavirus Epidemic"period,cult crimes showed new features such as stronger concealment,wider spread,and greater difficulty in combating.The empirical investigation found that:cult crimes are widely distributed,with high incidence in provinces;criminal sentences are generally lighter,most of which are suspended;the defendant pleads guilty and repents and has more repeat offenders;various ways of spreading,online and offline combined;for online spread of cults,electronic Evidence collection is controversial;the defendant has various reasons for defense,but rarely receives court support;fines vary widely and there is no fixed standard.The governance dilemma lies in the fact that breeding conditions have not been completely eliminated,prevention and control are difficult to respond to the criminal situation,and relevant laws and regulations have weak links.We should take the overall national security concept as the fundamental basis for cult governance,build a legal and normative system for cult crimes,and innovate a comprehensive governance system for cult crimes from advancing the linkage of institutional functions,improving performance evaluation models,and focusing on"attitude immunity effects".