4Bai Y, Bai Q. Subsea engineering handbook [ M ] . [ S. 1. ] : Elsevier, 2012.
5Hansen R L, Rickey W P. Evolution of subsea produc- tion systems: A worldwide overview[J] . Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1995, 47 (8) : 675 -680.
6Bouquier L, Signoret J P, Lopez R. First application of the a/l-electric subsea production system-implementation of a new technology [ C] . Houston, Texas: 2007.
7API Spec 6A. Specification for wellhead and christmas tree equipment [S] . 2000.
8API Spec 17D. Specification for subsea wellhead and christmas tree equipment [S] . 1992.