美国国防部指令5000.01重大变革分析及启示

Analysis and implications of major changes to Department of Defense Directive 5000.01

美国国防采办系统是世界上最为庞大、复杂、严谨、运转稳定的采办系统,为维持美国的强大军事优势做出了突出贡献。近年来,为了确保军事技术优势的可持续发展,美国的国防采办系统在国防战略牵引下,也一直处于不断调整完善之中,并且有不断加速的趋势。2020年,美国国防部总结各项采办改革实践中的经验和教训,对国防部指令5000.01《国防采办系统》进行了重大变革调整。本文首先简要介绍了此次变革的背景;其次,从政策和职能两个方面分析了变革的内容,探究国防采办政策的新变化与新思路,管窥国防采办系统的发展动向;最后,在上述研究基础上,从法规政策、新科技运用等四个方面提出几点启示,以期为军队装备采购工作提供借鉴与参考。

The US Defense Acquisition System is the largest,and the most complex,rigorous,and steady system for the acquisition of military equipment in the world.It has made an outstanding contribution to maintaining the country’s military dominance.Under the guidance of its national defense strategy in recent years,the United States has accelerated the process of adjusting and improving its defense acquisition system to ensure the sustainable development of its technological advantage over the militaries of other countries.In 2020,the US Department of Defense summarized reforms to its acquisition system based on experience and lessons of the past,and made significant changes to the Department of Defense Directive 5000.01—“Defense Acquisition System.”First,this paper provides a brief background for this evolution.Second,it analyses the content of changes to the directive based on the two dimensions of policy and responsibility by exploring the relevant innovations and underlying philosophy to obtain insights into the trend of development of defense acquisition systems.Finally,the above analysis is used to formulate suggestions from four perspectives,including regulations and policies as well as the application of new technologies,to provide a reference for the acquisition of equipment by the Chinese military.