突发事件下公路应急物资调度优化

The Optimized Scheduling of Emergency Supplies in Highways Under Emergencies

为了减少突发事件造成的人身伤亡和财产损失,考虑事故发生后道路被破坏、应急物资需求量不确定和各事故点需求紧迫度不同的情况,研究突发事件下公路应急物资调度优化。根据事故后道路破坏状态,确定救援车辆修正后的行驶速度;利用三角模糊理论,将事故点的模糊应急物资需求量转化为确定值;在传统TOPSIS法的基础上,利用主客观方法相结合的方法来确定指标的权重,并且采用B型关联度来客观描述评价对象与正、负理想解之间的距离,利用改进的TOPSIS法通过以上方法得到各事故点的需求紧迫系数,以保证配送的公平性。在此基础上,针对三级调运网络,建立多目标应急物资调度优化模型,结合雅安地震实例,利用带精英策略的快速非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)求解模型。研究结果表明:重大突发事件下,引入需求紧迫度的公路应急物资调度,不仅能实现对需求紧迫度较高的事故点优先配送,而且得到的应急物资调度方案使配送时间节省了21%,车辆运输成本减少了25%,物资需求满足度达到100%;同时考虑灾后道路破坏和模糊需求的情况,使得应急物资调度优化更加符合现实情况。

The optimized scheduling of emergency supplies in highways is studied to reduce personal injury and property loss caused by emergencies.This paper considers the situations of road damage after accidents,uncertain demand for emergency supplies,and different demand urgency of each accident point.According to the states of road damage after an accident,the revised driving speed of the rescue vehicle is determined.The fuzzy emergency supplies demand of the accident spots is transformed into a determined value using triangular fuzzy theory.Based on the traditional TOPSIS method,subjective and objective methods are used to determine the weight of indicators.The type-B correlation degree is used to objectively describe the distance between the evaluation object and ideal solutions.The demand urgency coefficients of each accident point are obtained by the above method to ensure the fairness of scheduling.On this basis,a multi-objective optimization model of emergency supplies schedule is established for the threelevel dispatching network.Taking Ya’an Earthquake as a case study,the fast non-dominant sequential genetic algorithm with the elite strategy(NSGA-Ⅱ)is used to solve the model.The results show that introducing demand urgency into the emergency supplies schedule can realize the priority distribution of accident points with high demand urgency.The emergency supplies scheduling scheme saves the delivery time by 21%,reduces the vehicle transportation cost by 25%,and meets the supplies demand by 100%.Considering the post-disaster road damage and fuzzy demand,the schedule optimization of emergency supplies is more consistent with the actual situation.