预约出行条件下私家车通勤客流分配方法

An Assignment Method of Commuter Flow of Private Cars Under Travel Reservation

预约能调整城市交通的供需关系,最大化利用交通资源。针对私家车通勤引发的交通拥堵,研究了预约出行条件下私家车通勤客流分配方法。将车辆分为受控的预约车辆和不受控的非预约车辆,道路状态分为可预约状态和不可预约状态,给出了道路状态判别及车辆行程时间计算方法,构建了城市通勤私家车的预约出行模型。以Nguyen-Dupuis网络作为算例,从行程时间和预约数量2个方面评价车辆实施预约出行的效果。结果表明:预约比例由0%提升至100%时,路径的行程时间降低20%~30%,平均行程时间从610 s降低至466 s;当预约比例为30%时能获得全部预约比例的80%收益;全部车辆均期望参与预约时,由于预约需求的不均衡仍有2%的车辆预约失败。得出结论,当预约出行的比例达到30%~40%时,即可达到缓解拥堵的预期效果。

Travel reservation alleviates the supply-demand contradiction of urban transportation,which utilizes transportation resources adequately.For the traffic jams caused by private car commuting,the assignment method of the commuter flow of private cars under travel reservation is studied.It divides vehicles into the controllable reservation and uncontrollable non-reservation ones,and road status into reservable/non-reservable road status.The methods to calculate road state discrimination and vehicles’travel time are given to propose a travel reservation model for urban commuting private cars.The Nguyen-Dupuis network is used to evaluate the effect of implementing travel reservations in terms of both travel time and the number of reservation vehicles.The results show that when the travel reservation rate is increased from 0%to 100%,the path travel time is reduced by 20%-30%,and the average travel time is decreased from 610 s to 466 s.With a 30%reservation ratio,80%of the benefits of the full reservation ratio can be obtained.There is still 2%of vehicles failing to reserve due to uneven demands for reservations even when all vehicles are expected to participate in the reservation.It is concluded that the expected congestion relief can be achieved when the reservation rate reaches 30%-40%.