限根栽培下不同施肥方式对葡萄果实品质的影响

Effects of Different Fertilizer Treatments on Grape Fruit Quality under Root Restriction Cultivation

以早黑宝葡萄为试材,探讨控根容器栽培下不同种类肥料及其施用量对果实品质的影响,对葡萄果实单果质量、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白质、维生素C、白藜芦醇和原花青素等果实主要品质指标进行测定,并结合主成分分析法,对果实品质进行综合评价。结果表明,发酵有机肥全量(T1)处理下可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量最高,发酵有机肥半量(T2)处理下可滴定酸含量最低,普通化肥半量(T6)处理下糖酸比最低,可见半量施用普通化肥葡萄果实口感最差;复混缓控释肥全量(T3)处理的葡萄果实Vc含量最高,T1处理的葡萄皮中白藜芦醇含量最高,复混缓控释肥半量(T4)处理的葡萄皮中原花青素含量最高,可见施用普通化肥的葡萄果实保健价值最低。主成分分析表明,3个主成分的累计方差贡献率达86.139%,可反映葡萄品质的大部分信息;品质最优的是T4处理的葡萄果实。肥料种类和施肥量都对葡萄果实品质有较大影响,果实品质最好的处理是以发酵有机肥为基肥,半量施用复混缓控释肥。

In this experiment,Zaoheibao grape was used as experimental material to study the effects of different amounts of fermented organic fertilizer,slow and controlled release compound fertilizer and common chemical fertilizer on fruit quality under root restriction cultivation.Combined with principal component analysis,the fruit quality was comprehensively evaluated by analyzing single fruit quality,soluble solid,soluble sugar,titratable acid,soluble protein,vitamin C,resveratrol,procyanidins and other fruit quality indicators in grape.The results showed that the content of soluble solids and soluble sugar was the highest in total amount of fermented organic fertilizer(T1)treatment,the content of titratable acid was the lowest in half amount of fermented organic fertilizer(T2)treatment,and the sugar acid ratio was the lowest in half amount of common chemical fertilizer(T6)treatment.It showed that the taste of grape fruit with half application of ordinary chemical fertilizer was the worst.The content of Vc in total amount of slow and controlled release compound fertilizer(T3)treatment grape fruit was the highest,the content of resveratrol in T1 treatment grape skin was the highest,and the content of proanthocyanidins in half amount of slow and controlled release compound fertilizer(T4)grape skin was the highest.It showed that the grape fruit with ordinary chemical fertilizer had the lowest health value.Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the three principal components was 86.139%,which could reflect most of the information of grape quality.It showed that the grape fruit with the best quality was half application of compound slow-release and controlled-release fertilizer.In conclusion,the type and amount of fertilizer had a great impact on grape fruit quality.The fermented organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer and half application of compound slow-release and controlled-release fertilizer was the best treatment for grape fruit quality.