基于时机理论的新型冠状病毒肺炎轻症患者患病期间心理体验的质性研究

Qualitative Study on Psychological Experience of Patients with Mild COVID-19 during Their Illness Based on Timing Theory

目的以时机理论为框架,描述新型冠状病毒肺炎轻症患者在疾病不同阶段的心理体验,为制订有针对性的护理措施提供参考。方法采用目的抽样法,选取2020年2月11日至3月5日湖北省武汉市客厅方舱医院收治的新型冠状病毒肺炎轻症患者11例为研究对象。采用质性研究中的现象学研究方法,对其进行半结构式深入访谈,采用Colaizzi七步分析法进行资料分析。结果新型冠状病毒肺炎轻症患者疾病心理体验在3个阶段可归纳为10个主题,诊断期以消极心理体验为主,包括侥幸心理、担心被感染、焦虑与恐慌;隔离治疗期以不稳定心理体验为主,包括安心治疗、牵挂家人、期待出院、感恩感谢;出院准备期以积极心理体验为主,包括寻求支持、耐心康复、主动健康。结论新型冠状病毒肺炎轻症患者疾病进展过程中心理体验复杂、多变,医护人员应该分阶段、有计划地给予相应的心理支持和专业指导,同时可联合社会支持资源等以进一步促进患者的身心健康。

Objective To describe the psychological experience of patients with mild COVID-19 at different stages of the disease based on the timing theory,and to provide a reference for formulating targeted nursing measures.Methods A total of 11 patients with mild COVID-19 admitted to Wuhan Keting Module Hospital(Hubei Province)from February 11 to March 5,2020,were selected by purposive sampling.A phenomenological research method in the qualitative study was used to conduct semi-structured in-depth interviews.Colaizzi's seven-step method for data analysis was used to analyze data.Results A total of 10 themes of psychological experience in the three stages of the disease were extracted for patients with mild COVID-19.The diagnosis period was dominated by negative psychological experience,including fluke mind,fear of being infected,anxiety and panic;the isolation treatment period was dominated by unstable psychological experience,including peace of mind,yearn towards family members,expectation of discharge,and gratitude;the discharge preparation period was dominated by positive psychological experience,including seeking support,rehabilitation in patience,and active health.Conclusion The psychological experience of patients with mild COVID-19 is complex and changeable during the progression of the disease.Medical staff should give corresponding psychological support and professional guidance in stages in a planned way.Meanwhile,the medical staff can apply social resources to further promote the physical and mental health of patients.