上海市社区脊髓损伤患者照顾者焦虑抑郁现状及影响因素

Status Quo of Anxiety and Depression of Caregivers of Patients with Spinal Cord Injury in Shanghai Communities and Influencing Factors

目的探讨上海市社区脊髓损伤患者照顾者的焦虑抑郁现状,并分析其影响因素。方法采取便利抽样方法,选取2017年3月至2019年11月收治于上海市养志康复医院参加康复训练的126名社区脊髓损伤患者照顾者作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查问卷、焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表对其进行调查,通过描述性分析、χ^(2)检验和logistic回归分析进行资料的分析。结果126名社区脊髓损伤患者照顾者的焦虑标准分为(49.37±12.92)分,抑郁标准分为(55.06±13.35)分;46.03%的照顾者存在焦虑,57.94%的照顾者存在抑郁,40.48%的照顾者同时存在焦虑和抑郁。logistic回归分析显示:工作情况和自评健康状况是社区脊髓损伤患者照顾者焦虑的影响因素(P<0.05),无业的照顾者发生焦虑的可能性大于有工作人群(OR=4.728,95%CI为1.106~20.209),健康状况明显变差照顾者发生焦虑的可能性是没有明显变差者的4.69倍(OR=4.692,95%CI为2.518~8.743);照顾年数和自评健康状况是抑郁的影响因素(P<0.05),累计照顾时间5年及以内的照顾者发生抑郁的可能性是累计照顾时间为5年以上的3.91倍(OR=3.913,95%CI为1.538~9.953),健康明显变差的照顾者发生抑郁的可能性为没有明显变差者的6.24倍(OR=6.244,95%CI为2.491~15.651)。结论上海社区脊髓损伤患者照顾者焦虑抑郁问题较严重,建议关注社区脊髓损伤患者照顾者的心理健康,其中重点关注照顾时间较短、无业和健康变差的照顾者,通过提供更多的社会支持来提升其心理健康水平。

Objective To investigate the anxiety and depression status of caregivers of patients with spinal cord injury in Shanghai communities and analyze the influencing factors.Methods A total of 126 caregivers of patients with spinal cord injury in communities who participated in the rehabilitation training of Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital from March 2017 to November 2019 were selected by convenience sampling.They were investigated by general information questionnaire,Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Selfrating Depression Scale.Then,relevant data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis,χ^(2)test and logistic regression analysis.Results The standard anxiety score of 126 caregivers of patients with spinal cord injury in communities was(49.37±12.92)points and the standard depression score was(55.06±13.35)points;46.03%of caregivers had anxiety,57.94%had depression,and 40.48%of caregivers had both anxiety and depression.Logistic regression analysis showed that work status and self-rated health status were the influencing factors of anxiety in the caregivers of patients with spinal cord injury in communities(P<0.05),unemployed caregivers were more likely to have anxiety than those who were employed(OR=4.728,95%CI:1.106~20.209);caregivers with significantly worse health status were 4.69 times more likely to have anxiety than the healthy ones(OR=4.692,95%CI:2.518~8.743).Besides,years of caring and self-rated health status were the influencing factors of depression(P<0.05):caregivers who had been in care for 5 years or less were 3.91 times more likely to have depression than those who had been in care for more than 5 years(OR=3.913,95%CI:1.538~9.953);caregivers with significantly worse health status were 6.24 times more likely to have depression than the healthy ones(OR=6.244,95%CI:2.491~15.651).Conclusion Anxiety and depression are serious in the caregivers of patients with spinal cord injury in Shanghai communities.It is recommended to pay attention to the mental health of the caregivers of patients with spinal cord injury in communities,especially to those with shorter nursing time,unemployment and worse health.Their mental health should be promoted by providing more social support.