新冠肺炎疫情风险感知量表信效度检验及应用-基于大数据样本的实证研究

Reliability and validity of a self-designed COVID-19 Risk Perception Scale-a large online empirical study

目的对新冠肺炎疫情风险感知量表的信效度进行检验及该量表的实证应用。方法采用文献研究法和专家咨询法确定量表的理论框架和条目。利用问卷星网络平台,在全国各省(不包括港澳台)进行数据的调取,共收集有效问卷19132份,结合多种统计分析方法评价量表的内容效度和结构效度,使用克朗巴赫系数以及分半系数检验信度,以验证性因子分析评价模型拟合情况,利用SPSS 24.0进行单因素方差分析得出不同程度疫情地区公众风险感知情况。结果结合专业知识和统计学分析方法,量表最终确定为3个维度9个条目,分别为易感性、严重性、可控性。总量表的克朗巴赫系数为0.824,分半系数为0.731;各维度与总量表的相关系数为0.720~0.841;验证性因子分析结果显示模型拟合指标均在标准范围内,GFI=0.982,CFI=0.972,RMSEA=0.062,表明量表的信效度良好,使用该量表对全国各省公众的风险感知水平进行测量,发现不同风险地区的风险感知水平存在“涟漪效应”。结论经过信效度检验和实证分析,包含三个维度9个条目的新冠肺炎疫情风险感知量表可作为测量公众对于新型冠状肺炎风险感知水平的测量工具。

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of a self-designed scale on perceived risk of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic among Chinese citizens with an online empirical study.Methods Theoretical framework and items of the COVID-19 Risk Perception Scale were determined using literature researches and expert consultations.The designed scale was administered via an online platform among the public in 31 provincial level administrative divisions(PLADs)across China.Statistic analyses on valid information collected from a total of 19132 respondents were performed to evaluate the scale's content validity and construct validity;Cronbach'sαcoefficient and split-half reliability coefficient were adopted in reliability assessment and confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the fitness of the constructed model.Regional disparity in COVID-19 epidemic risk perception of the public was explored with one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)using SPSS 24.0.Results The constructed scale was consisted of nine items for three dimensions of susceptibility,severity,and controllability of the epidemic.For the whole scale,the Cronbach′sαcoefficient is 0.824,and the split-half reliability coefficient is 0.731.The correlation coefficients between each dimension and the whole scale ranged 0.720–0.841.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fitting indicators of the constructed model were all within the standard range,with a goodness-of-fit index(GFI)of 0.982,a comparative fit index(CFI)of 0.972,and a root mean square error of approximation(RMSEA)of 0.062,indicating good reliability and validity of the scale developed.A"ripple effect"in the epidemic risk perception was observed among respondents in different PLADs with diverse prevalence of COVID-19 based on the survey with the scale.Conclusion The constructed scale is of good reliability and validity and could be used in the measurement on COVID-19 epidemic risk perception among Chinese citizens.