中国社区老年人对新型冠状病毒肺炎认知情况及其对焦虑症状影响

Knowledge about COVID-19 and its influence on anxiety symptoms among Chinese elderly in communities

目的了解中国≥65岁社区老年人对新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)的认知情况及其对焦虑症状的影响,为在突发公共卫生事件下采取相应的健康教育措施提供参考依据。方法于2020年4—5月采用方便抽样方法在2019年实施全国老年人心理关爱项目的818个社区完成心理健康状况评估的188407名≥65岁社区老年中抽取6467人进行新冠肺炎认知及心理状况问卷调查,其中老年人对新冠肺炎的认知情况采用自行设计调查问卷调查,焦虑症状采用两条目广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-2)评估。结果中国6467名≥65岁社区老年人中,知晓新冠肺炎者6270人,知晓率为97.0%;社区老年人获取疫情信息的主要途径分别为电视/报纸(76.9%)、朋友/家人(9.3%)、医务人员/社区工作人员(6.4%)和网络(6.4%);社区老年人疫情期间日常生活遇到的最主要困难分别为购买口罩等防护用品困难(31.4%)、购买日常生活食物和用品不方便(21.8%)、与儿女和朋友等不能见面(12.7%)、慢性病等其他情况就医买药不方便(9.3%);排除320名疫情前存在焦虑症状者后的6147名≥65岁社区老年人中,在疫情期间新发焦虑症状者576例,焦虑症状发生率为9.4%;在调整了性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地、与子女关系、与朋友关系、兴趣爱好种数、慢性病患病种数、老化态度、心理韧性和生活满意度等混杂因素后,多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,通过朋友或家人获取疫情信息的社区老年人发生焦虑症状风险为通过电视/报纸获取疫情信息老年人的1.50倍(OR=1.50,95%CI=1.14~1.98),疫情期间日常生活中遇到困难的社区老年人发生焦虑症状风险为疫情期间日常生活未遇到困难社区老年人的3.72倍(OR=3.72,95%CI=3.07~4.51)。结论中国社区老年人对新冠肺炎预防措施的知晓率较高,疫情期间焦虑症状发生率较高,通过朋友或家人获取信息和疫情期间日常生活中遇到困难的社区老年人更易发生焦虑症状。

Objective To analyze the knowledge about coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and its influence on anxiety symptoms among Chinese community elderly and to provide evidences for developing health education programs during public health emergencies.Methods From 188407 community residents aged 65 years and above,who completed a psychological assessment in the National Psychological Care Project for the Elderly conducted in 818 communities across China in 2019,we selected 6467 participants with convenient sampling for a face-to-face survey carried out during April–May 2020.The information on participants′knowledge about COVID-19 was collected using a self-designed questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2(GAD-2)was adopted to evaluated participants′anxiety symptoms during the epidemic period.Results Of all the participants,6270(97.0%)reported the awareness on COVID-19 epidemic.There were 76.9%of the participants reporting the acquirement of COVID-19 related knowledge from TV/newspapers and 9.3%,6.4%,6.4%reporting from friends or family members,community workers/medical staff,online media.The main difficulties in daily life during the epidemic period reported by participants included being hard to purchase masks and other personal protective equipment(by 31.4%of the participants),inconvenience when purchasing foodstuff and daily supplies(21.8%),being unable to meet children or friends(12.7%),and inconvenience in seeking medication when suffering from chronic disease or other illness(9.3%).Among the 6147 participants without history of anxiety symptoms before the epidemic,576(9.4%)were identified having anxiety symptoms during the epidemic.After adjusting for potential confounders as gender,age,education,marital status,residence,relationship with children,relationship with friends,number of hobbies,number of chronic diseases,attitude towards aging,psychological resilience and life satisfaction,the results of unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that two groups of the participants were at an increased risk of having anxiety symptoms during the epidemic:the participants obtaining COVID-19 related information from friends or family members(odds ratio[OR]=1.50,95%confidence interval[95%CI]:1.14–1.98,P=0.004)as compared to those getting the information from TV/newspapers and the participants reporting difficulties in daily life(OR=3.72,95%CI:3.07–4.51,P<0.001)in comparison with those without the reporting.Conclusion Among community-dwelling elderly residents in China,the awareness on COVID-19 prevention was at a high level;but the prevalence of anxiety symptoms was also relatively high during the epidemic and the elderly obtaining COVID-19 related information from friends or family members and those reporting difficulties in daily life were at an increased risk of having anxiety symptoms.