深圳市40岁及以上居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病知识知晓率及其影响因素分析

Awareness rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its influencing factors among residents aged 40 and above in Shenzhen

目的:了解深圳市≥40岁居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)知识知晓情况及其影响因素。方法:采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,对2017年深圳市≥40岁常住人口数量进行等比例抽样,调查个人性别、年龄等基本情况,以及疾病知识知晓情况,采用多元Logistic回归进行COPD知识知晓情况的影响因素分析。结果:本次调查共纳入3591人,调查发现居民COPD疾病名称知晓率为16.3%,肺功能检查知晓率为9.7%,COPD相关知识知晓率为10.9%。以上三项知晓率在有社会医疗保险者(分别为18.7%、11.3%和12.8%)、大专及以上文化程度者(分别为26.3%、18.0%和20.9%)、专业技术人员(分别为31.2%、23.6%和26.7%)中较高。此外,COPD疾病名称和COPD相关知识知晓率在年龄≥70岁组最高(22.0%和16.0%)。多因素分析显示,年龄、社会医疗保险类型、文化程度和职业是影响COPD疾病名称和COPD相关知识知晓率的因素(P均<0.01),社会医疗保险类型、文化程度和职业是影响肺功能检查知晓率的因素(P均<0.01)。COPD的症状中,气短或呼吸困难知晓率最高(71.6%)。COPD的危险因素中,吸烟知晓率最高(82.0%)。COPD疾病名称知晓途径最多来源于电视(40.2%)。结论:深圳市≥40岁居民对COPD知识知晓率和肺功能检查的知晓率虽然高于全国平均水平,但没有达到理想水平。应针对不同人群、使用合适的方式积极做好COPD相关知识的教育宣传工作,更好地防治COPD。

Objective To understand the awareness and its influencing factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)among residents≥40 years old in Shenzhen.Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to enroll permanent residents≥40 years old in Shenzhen in 2017.Information about gender and age,and awareness of disease were surveyed.Multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors that influenced the awareness of COPD knowledge.Results A total of 3591 people were included in this survey.The awareness rates of the name of COPD disease,lung function examination and COPD-related knowledge were 16.3%,9.7%and 10.9%,respectively.The awareness rates of the above three items were higher in the residents who had social medical insurance(18.7%,11.3%and 12.8%,respectively),college education and above(26.3%,18.0%and 20.9%,respectively),or professional and technical occupations(31.2%,23.6%and 26.7%,respectively).Multivariate analysis showed that age,social medical insurance type,education level and occupation were the factors influencing the awareness rate of COPD disease name and COPD-related knowledge(Pall<0.01).Social medical insurance type,education level and occupation were the factors influencing the awareness rate of lung function examination(P all<0.01).For the symptoms of COPD,the rate of knowing about shortness of breath or dyspnea was the highest(71.6%).For the risk factors of COPD,the rate of knowing about smoking was the highest(82.0%).People knew the name of COPD disease mainly by television(40.2%).Conclusions The awareness rates of COPD knowledge and pulmonary function tests of residents^40 years old in Shenzhen are higher than the national average,but it has not reached the ideal level.It should actively carry out education and publicity work of COPD-related knowledge for different population and by appropriate promotion ways,so as to better prevent COPD.