马克思的劳动公共性思想研究

A Study of Marx’s Ideas on Labor Communality

理解马克思的公共性思想,马克思的劳动理论是一根绕不开的历史红线。马克思的公共性思想从政治异化批判所遭遇的“物质利益难题”转向异化劳动批判的人本主义,并通过对斯密的交换劳动与黑格尔的精神劳动的批判性继承,马克思的历史唯物主义视域下的劳动公共性思想才得以真正地开显。在以共同生产与联合劳动为基础的自由劳动的建构中,以解放—发展公共性为价值指向、以“自由人的联合体”真正共同体为理想目标的劳动公共性,在历史唯物主义的转向中才得以真正形成。

Marx’s theory of labor is unavoidable to understand his idea of public thought.When Marx’s critique of political alienation encountered the“material interest problem,”he turned to the humanism of the critique of alienated labor,and critically inherited Smith’s exchange labor and Hegel’s spiritual labor,and only then did Marx’s idea of labor communality in the context of historical materialism truly emerge.In the construction of free labor based on co-production and joint labor,labor communality,with the value of emancipation and development of communality and the ideal goal of“community of free people”as a true community,was truly formed in the turn of historical materialism.