“投入替代”还是“教育粘住”?--中央转移支付对地方义务教育支出的影响研究

"Substitution Effect"or"Flypaper Effect"?--Research on the Influence of Central Transfer Payment on Local Compulsory Education Expenditure

教育作为政府重要的公共服务内容,地区义务教育公平一体化发展,受到中央转移支付可支配财力的影响。通过对2005—2018年我国31个省(市、区)的中央转移支付和地方义务教育支出面板数据研究发现:中央转移支付和地区人均财政收入的增加均显著地促进地方义务教育支出,与地区人均财政收入相比转移支付对义务教育支出产生“粘蝇纸效应”。转移支付对义务教育支出的影响具有地区异质性,对西部地区的影响最大,中部次之,东部不显著。为此,政府应明确财权事权范围,制定长效发展规划,积极发挥转移支付的教育粘住效应。

Education is an important part of the government's public service,and the equitable and integrated development of regional compulsory education is affected by the central government's transfer payment.Through collecting and analyzing the panel data of central transfer payment and local compulsory education expenditure of 31 provinces and municipalities in China from 2005 to 2018,the study found that the central transfer payment and the increase of per capita regional fiscal income significantly promoted the expenditure on compulsory education,and comparing with the per capita regional fiscal income,the transfer payment had a"fly paper effect"on the expenditure on compulsory education.The influence of transfer payment on compulsory education expenditure is different in different regions,with the greatest influence in western region,followed by central region,and not significant in eastern region.Therefore,the government should make clear the scope of financial power,formulate long-term development plan,and actively exert the sticky effect of transfer payment on education.