外泌体在脑血管病诊治中的研究进展

Progress of exosomes in diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases

脑血管病是脑血管病变导致脑功能障碍的一类疾病的总称,具有高致死率、高致残率、高复发率等特点,严重危害我国居民的健康。外泌体是一种由细胞主动分泌的、具有脂质双层膜结构的细胞外囊泡。近些年研究发现,在脑血管病发生后,外泌体作为细胞间信息传递工具,参与调节免疫反应、重塑神经血管、保护神经、抑制神经元自噬等过程,且在不同疾病的不同时期外泌体内容物含量不同。因此,外泌体在脑血管病的诊断和治疗方面显示了极大的潜能。外泌体还具有良好的血脑屏障通透性和安全性,是实现药物在脑内的靶向递送的理想药物载体。本文对外泌体形成和特征及其在脑血管病诊治中的研究进展作一综述。

Cerebrovascular disease is the general name for brain dysfunction resulted from cerebrovascular lesions,with high mortality,high disability,high recurrence and so on.And it seriously endangers the health of Chinese residents.Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with lipid bilayer,which are secreted by cells.In recent years,studies have found that exosomes,as vehicles of cell communication,participate in immunomodulation,neurovascular remodeling,neuroprotection,inhibition of neuronal autophagy,and other processes after cerebrovascular disease.Exosomes have different content in both different diseases and different stages of the identical disease.Therefore,exosomes show great potential in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.Exosomes also are ideal drug carriers for drug delivery to the brain,which have good blood brain barrier permeability and safety.This article reviews the formation and characteristics of exosomes,and the research progress of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.