2005-2020年天津市河北区病毒性肝炎流行特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Viral Hepatitis in Hebei District,Tianjin City from 2005 to 2020

目的了解天津市河北区病毒性肝炎流行特征,为制定有效的预防措施提供依据。方法对2005-2020年天津市河北区病毒性肝炎疫情资料进行描述性统计分析。结果2005-2020年天津市河北区病毒性肝炎累计报告3040例,年平均发病率23.05/10万,呈散发。病毒性肝炎主要以乙肝发病为主,其次为丙肝,乙肝发病呈下降趋势,丙肝呈现先下降后上升趋势,甲肝、戊肝发病较少。甲肝呈现明显季节性,7月、8月发病最多,占总发病数的26.79%。江都路街发病率最高,年均发病率为25.72/10万,其次为月牙河街,年均发病率为25.22/10万;光复道街发病率最低,年均发病率17.90/10万。男性年均发病率为29.23/10万,高于女性16.39/10万,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),发病年龄集中在40~60岁,职业分布以工人、离退人员及家务待业为主。结论2005-2020年河北区病毒性肝炎发病率呈下降趋势,应继续采取强化疫苗接种,加强医院感染控制等措施,进一步降低发病率。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis in Hebei District,Tianjin,and provide a basis for formulating effective preventive measures.Methods A descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the epidemic data of viral hepatitis in Hebei District of Tianjin from 2005 to 2020.Results From 2005 to 2020,a total of 3040 cases of viral hepatitis were reported in Hebei District,Tianjin,with an average annual incidence of 23.05/100000,which was sporadic.Viral hepatitis was mainly caused by hepatitis B,followed by hepatitis C.The incidence of hepatitis B showed a downward trend,and the incidence of hepatitis C first declines and then rises.Hepatitis A and E were less common.Hepatitis A showed obvious seasonality,with the most onset in July and August,accounting for 26.79%of the total incidence.Jiangdu Road Street has the highest incidence rate,with an average annual incidence rate of 25.72/100000,followed by Yueyahe Street with an average annual incidence rate of 25.22/100000;Guangfu Road Street had the lowest incidence rate,with an average annual incidence rate of 17.90/100000.The average annual incidence rate for men was 29.23/100000,which was higher than that for women,16.39/100000,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The age of onset is concentrated in 40-60 years old,and the occupational distribution was mainly workers,retired persons and housework waiting for employment.Conclusion From 2005 to 2020,the incidence of viral hepatitis in Hebei has been on a downward trend.Measures such as intensified vaccination and nosocomial infection control should be continued to further reduce the incidence.