某市金属制造业工人噪声危害知、信、行与听力水平关联性分析

Correlation of hearing level and KAP of workers in metal manufacturing industry

目的调查某市金属制造业工人噪声危害知、信、行与纯音听力水平现状,并分析其关联性。方法选择金属制造业的噪声作业者作为研究对象,问卷法调查其对噪声危害的知、信、行现状,并检测其接触的噪声声级和纯音听力水平。结果本次共纳入188名研究对象,噪声性听力损失(noise-induced hearing loss,NIHL)检出率为44.15%。年龄≥40岁、工龄≥5年、接触噪声声级85.0-89.9 dB(A)和≥90.0 dB(A)者NIHL比例分别高于年龄<40岁、工龄<5年、接触噪声声级80.0-84.9 dB(A)者。NIHL者噪声危害认知、听力保护意识、听力保护行为得分低于双耳听力正常者(P<0.05)。有序logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、工龄和噪声声级增加是NIHL的危险因素(OR=1.68、1.88、2.39,P<0.05),而具备噪声危害认知能力、听力保护意识、听力保护行为是NIHL的保护因素(OR=0.68、0.65、0.56,P<0.05)。结论积极采取健康教育措施,提高金属制造业噪声作业工人听力保护的知、信、行水平,有助于预防NIHL的发生。

Objective To study the current situation of hearing condition of workers in metal manufacturing industry and their knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)against noise hazard and to analyze their correlation. Methods Noise exposed workers in metal manufacturing plants were studied. Noise level at workplaces and hearing level of these workers were investigated while questionnaire was used for collecting message of KAP. Results Among 188 workers,the proportion of noise induced hearing loss(NIHL)was 44. 15%. The workers with age more than 40 years old,or work time more than≥ 5 years,or exposure to noise level at 85.0 - 89.9 dB(A)and higher than 90.0 dB(A) had a higher NIHL proportion than the others correspondingly(P<0.05). The workers with NIHL had a lower scores of KAP than the workers without NIHL(P<0.05). It was found that workers’ age,work time,noise level were risk factors for NIHL but better KAP against noise hazard were protective factors for NIHL(P<0.05). Conclusion It was helpful to prevent NIHL to improve workers’ knowledge,attitude and practice against noise hazards in metal manufacturing industry.