放射工作人员外周血细胞变化研究

Investigation on peripheral blood cells change of radiation workers

目的研究放射工作人员外周血细胞的变化规律,为放射工作人员职业健康风险评估提供依据。方法选取2017年1月—2019年12月进行职业健康检查的1 173名放射工作人员为研究对象,其中249人为医疗组,924人为工业组,同时选取进行上岗前放射职业健康检查的480人为对照组。收集研究对象职业健康检查资料,分析放射工作人员外周血细胞的变化情况。结果放射工作人员接受的人均年有效剂量范围为0.08-0.85 mSv,低于年有效剂量职业接触限值。医疗组和工业组的白细胞(WBC)总数、红细胞(RBC)总数、血红蛋白(Hb)含量较对照组低,而血小板(PLT)含量较对照组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);WBC中,放射工作人员中性粒细胞(NEUT)占比降低,淋巴细胞(LYMP)占比升高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,医疗组和工业组的WBC、Hb异常率升高(P<0.05)。男性放射工作人员的RBC、PLT和Hb的异常率低于女性(P<0.05)。WBC和Hb异常率随着工龄的增加而增加(P<0.05)。结论低剂量职业外照射可对放射工作人员外周血细胞造成影响,对女性放射工作人员更为敏感。

Objective To investigate the changes of peripheral blood cells among radiation workers,and to provide evidence for occupational health risk assessment of radiation workers. Methods A total of 1 173 radiation workers,including 249 medical staff and 924 workers in industries,who had occupational health examination during January 2017 to December2019,were studied and 480 workers who had pre-job radiation physical examination were selected as the control group.The occupational health examination data were collected and the influence of the peripheral blood cells of radiation workers were analyzed. Results The annual effective dose of these radiation workers varied from 0.08 mSv to 0.85 mSv,and was lower than the occupational exposure limit. The total number of white blood cells(WBC),red blood cells(RBC),and hemoglobin(Hb)of radiation workers(medical staff and workers in industries) were lower than those in the control group,while the platelet(PLT)was high(P<0.05). The decrease in the proportion of neutrophils(NEUT) and the increase in the proportion of lymphocytes(LYMP)(P<0.05) among radiation workers were found. Compared with the control group,the abnormal rate of WBC and Hb in radiation workers was increased(P<0.05). The abnormal rate of RBC,PLT,and Hb of male radiation workers was lower than that of females(P<0.05). The abnormal rate of WBC and Hb increased with increasing working time(P<0.05). Conclusions Occupational exposure to low dose radiation could still affect the peripheral blood cells of radiation workers,particularly the female.