基于易象思维探析八卦-脏腑体系

Study on eight trigrams-zangfu corresponding system based on image thinking of I-ching

八卦-脏腑体系渊远流长,自古以来诸多医家引以为用,在释藏象、解病理等方面发挥着独特的优势。然而,目前具体的对应关系存在许多争议以及不完整之处,例如清代医家罗定昌认为乾卦应肺,明代医家孙一奎却认为兑卦应肺。清代医家郑钦安主要从离、坎二卦论述心、肾二脏等,导致了八卦-脏腑理论一直未能形成一个统一、系统的体系。因此,本团队采用文献梳理与理论探讨相结合的研究方法,通过查阅《周易》的相关书籍、医易学说的相关文献、中医基础理论中的相关内容,以《周易》象数思维为指导,运用取象比类、取数联象的思维方法,根据后天八卦的卦辞、卦形、卦象、卦性等方面与各个脏腑的生理性质和功能特征相联系,总结出八卦-脏腑体系的对应关系分别为:震-肝、胆,巽-肝,离-心、小肠、心包,坤-脾、小肠、膀胱、三焦,兑-肺、大肠,乾-肺,坎-肾、膀胱、三焦,艮-脾、胃、大肠、胆,且对应关系细化到了各脏腑具体的功能上。希望本次对八卦-脏腑体系的分析与总结能对其发展和研究有所裨益,对医易学说与藏象学说的传承发展有所帮助,并为临床治疗提供理论参考。

Eight trigrams-zangfu system has been used by many TCM doctors since ancient times.It plays a unique advantageous role in the interpretation of visceral manifestation and pathology.However,there still exist disputes and incompleteness in its specific corresponding relations.For example,Luo Dingchang,a doctor in the Qing Dynasty,thought that lung corresponds to Qian hexagram.Sun Yikui in the Ming Dynasty,however,held that Dui is the corresponding hexagram.Meanwhile,Zheng Qin’an in the Qing Dynasty,mainly discussed the heart and kidney from the two hexagrams of Li and Kan.As a result,the theory of eight trigrams-zangfu has not formed a unified and systematic corresponding system.Therefore,our team combined literature review and theoretical discussion in studying the relevant contents of I-Ching(The Book of Changes in Zhou Dynasty),the TCM-Zhouyi theory,and the basic theory of TCM by using the image-number thinking in I-Ching.Based on the acquired eight trigrams,diction,shape,image and nature related to the physiological and functional characteristics of each viscera,we concluded that the correspondence of eight trigrams-zangfu system is as follows by using the thinking methods of image classification and image-number relation:Zhen corresponds to liver,gallbladder;Xun,liver;Li,heart,small intestine,pericardium;Kun,spleen,small intestine,bladder,triple energizer;Dui,lung,large intestine;Qian,lung;Kan,kidney,bladder,triple energizer;Gen,spleen,stomach,large intestine,gallbladder.And their corresponding relations are refined to the specific functions of zang-fu organs.It is hoped that the analysis and summary of the eight trigrams-zangfu corresponding system will be helpful to the development and research,and inheritance of TCM-Zhouyi theory and visceral manifestation theory,which can provide theoretical reference for clinical practice.