中国城市职业多样性:事实、演进与政策含义

Measurement,Trends and Policy Implications of Urban Occupational Diversity in China

从城市职业类型分布的角度测算中国城市的职业多样性和趋势,并探讨城市特征对于城市职业多样性的影响,可以为引导城市充分高质量就业提供参考。通过采用改进的赫芬达尔指数、面板数据固定效应模型和Oaxaca-Blinder分解等方法,研究发现,2002-2016年期间中国城市职业多样性呈现出先降后升的趋势,其原因在于城市产业结构的调整以及金融危机后新经济的出现;同时,城市规模越大、行政等级越高、经济越发达,对应的职业多样性程度越高。研究结论有助于直观了解不同城市的职业分布、产业结构和分工现状,评估城市的人力资源结构和经济发展潜能,进而为不同城市制定产业发展及人力资源规划提供政策建议。

This paper innovatively measures the occupational diversity and trends in Chinese cities from the perspective of the distribution of urban occupational types,and explores the influence of urban characteristics on urban occupational diversity,with a view to providing reference for guiding the full and high-quality employment in cities.Based on the improved Herfindahl index,the fixed effect model of panel data and the Oaxaca-Binder decomposition method,we found that the occupational diversity in Chinese cities decreased first and then increased during the period from 2002 to 2016,which was due to the adjustment of urban industrial structure and the emergence of new economy after the financial crisis.At the same time,the larger the city size,the higher the administrative level and the more developed the economy,the higher the degree of occupational diversity.In the context of promoting full and high-quality employment in cities,the conclusions of this paper are helpful to intuitively understand the current situation of job distribution,industrial structure and division of labor in different cities,evaluate the human resource structure and economic development potential of cities,and then provide reference for different cities to formulate industrial development and human resource policies.