甘肃省草产业生产效率实证研究

Production efficiency of the forage industry in Gansu province

文中基于2015~2019年甘肃省牧草企业和合作社的非平衡面板微观调研数据,运用随机前沿模型测算甘肃省草产业的生产效率,并比较不同经营主体和不同种植模式下生产效率的差异。结果显示:1)全省草产业生产效率不断提高。其中技术效率不断提高且年均值为78.34%;全省草产业全要素生产率(Total Factor Productivity,TFP)年均增长2.41%,将TFP分解后发现,全省草产业TFP增长的主要动力是技术进步,主要阻碍因素是不断降低的技术效率变化。2)从不同经营主体来看,牧草企业生产效率高于合作社。其中,全省牧草企业和合作社TFP分别年均增长3.44%、2.93%。此外,牧草企业技术效率和规模报酬指数分别为合作社的1.02倍、1.11倍。3)从不同种植模式来看,旱作区生产效率高于灌溉区,但灌溉区规模报酬指数高于旱作区。其中,灌溉区草产业TFP年均降低0.61%,旱作区TFP年均增长2.98%,灌溉区规模报酬指数是旱作区的1.10倍。据此,甘肃省草产业发展需要因地制宜,灌溉区发展规模化商品草产业,旱作区注重草畜结合,也需要更加重视合作社生产效率的提升,从而带动种草农牧户脱贫致富,最后在促进甘肃省草产业技术进步与创新时,也应重视技术的使用效率,防止无效的规模扩张和资源浪费。

Based on the unbalanced panel microscopic investigation data of forage enterprises and cooperatives in Gansu province from 2015 to 2019,we analyzed the production efficiencies through the stochastic frontier model,and further compared and analyzed the differences among different business entities and different planting modes.The results are as follows:1)The production efficiency of the forage industry in Gansu Province have continuously improved.Among them,the technical efficiency is constantly improving with an annual average of 78.34%,and the total factor productivity(TFP)is increasing overall by 2.41%on annual average.After decomposing TFP,technological progress is the key to TFP growth,while the main obstacles are the decreasing change rate of technical efficiency.2)From the perspective of different business entities,the production efficiency of forage enterprises is higher than that of cooperatives.Among them,TFP of forage enterprises increases by 4.45%annually,and that of cooperatives by 2.92%.In addition,the technical efficiency and scale return index of pasture enterprises are 1.02 times and 1.11 times that of cooperatives,respectively.3)From different planting patterns,the production efficiency in rainfed areas is higher than that in irrigated areas.However,the scale return index in irrigated areas is higher than that in dry areas.Among them,TFP of forage industry in irrigated areas decreases by 0.61%annually,while in rainfed areas increases by 2.98%annually.The scale return index of irrigated area is 1.10 times that of rainfed area.Therefore,the development of grass industry in Gansu Province needs to adjust measures to local conditions,large-scale commercial grass industry should be developed in irrigation areas,the combination of grass and livestock should be payed attention to in rainfed areas,and the improvement of production efficiency of cooperatives should be payed more attention to,so as to drive grass farmers and herdsmen out of poverty and become rich.Finally,when promoting the technological progress and innovation of grass industry in Gansu province,we should also pay attention to the use efficiency of technology,prevent ineffective scale expansion and waste of resources.