外泌体在结核分枝杆菌感染中的作用及其应用价值

The role of exosomes in mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and their application value

结核分枝杆菌(mycobacterium tuberculosis,Mtb)是一种生活在宿主巨噬细胞吞噬体内的细胞内细菌,其侵入人体后,可引起一系列免疫反应,一部分Mtb可经机体免疫作用消灭;但仍有一部分可经免疫逃逸机制存活,引发机体潜伏结核感染(latent tuberculosis infection,LTBI)或结核病(tuberculosis,TB)。外泌体是由活细胞分泌的、直径为30~100 nm的一种细胞外囊泡,其富含蛋白质、脂质和核酸,存在于人体多种体液中。Mtb感染后,机体所释放的外泌体的组分可以发生显著变化,并且可以在机体感染免疫中发挥作用,从而为结核感染的预防、诊治提供新的思路和理论依据。该文将对外泌体在Mtb感染中的作用及应用价值进行综述。

Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)is an intracellular bacteria that lives in the phagocytosis of host macrophages.After it invades the human body,it can cause a series of immune responses.Part of Mtb can be eliminated by the body′s immune function;some of them can survive by the immune escape mechanism and cause latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI)or tuberculosis(TB).Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30-100 nm that are secreted by living cells.They are rich in proteins,lipids and nucleic acids,and exist in many body fluids of the human body.During Mtb infection,the components of exosomes released by the body can change significantly,and they can play an important role in the body′s infection and immune response,providing new ideas and theoretical basis for the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis infection.This article reviews the role and application value of exosomes in Mtb infection.