地龙及其基原相近蚯蚓的研究进展

Research progress on Pheretima and earthworms with related origin

该文对国内外地龙及其基原相近动物蚯蚓的研究文献进行了分析,综述了近年来地龙在基原考证、基原鉴定、药效物质研究、有害成分测定、药理作用等研究领域的新进展,为今后地龙的进一步研究提供参考。经文献考证,笔者认为地龙之名应最早见于唐代蔺道人撰写的《仙授理伤续断秘方》中,而非宋代的《太平圣惠方》;新的基原鉴定技术包括微性状鉴定、DNA条形码鉴定、高效液相特征图谱等方法;地龙的药效成分主要为蛋白及多肽、酶类、核苷酸、氨基酸、微量元素等;新的研究发现地龙具有抗肺及肾间质纤维化、抑制呼吸道合胞病毒、抑制人增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞增殖、促进小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞增殖等作用,并且能通过抑制COX-2/PGE_(2)/β-catenin信号通路的激活,阻止结肠炎诱发的结肠癌发生。研究还建立了新的有害成分检测方法,包括有机污染物质多氯联苯残留量的测定、重金属等有害元素残留量的测定、有害细菌污染的检测等。地龙来源于野生动物资源,临床疗效显著,但是供不应求的矛盾日趋严重,发展其人工养殖将具有广阔的前景。

Through literature analysis of Pheretima and its origin-related earthworm,this study summarized the progress on Pheretima in textual criticism of origin,origin identification,effective components,detection of harmful components,and pharmacological effects,which can lay a basis for further research on Pheretima.Through literature research,the authors found that Pheretima was first recorded in Secret Formulary for Traumatology and Fracture Taught by Immortal written by LIN Daoren in Tang Dynasty rather than the Taiping Holy Prescriptions for Universal Relief in Song Dynasty.The latest techniques for origin identification include microscopic trait identification,DNA barcoding,and HPLC.The main effective components of Pheretima are proteins,polypeptides,enzymes,nucleotides,amino acids,and trace elements.According to recent studies,Pheretima has anti-pulmonary and anti-renal interstitial fibrosis,respiratory syncytial virus-inhibiting,human hypertrophic scar fibroblast proliferation-suppressing,and mouse embryonic fibroblast proliferation-promoting effects.Moreover,Pheretima can prevent colitis-induced colon cancer by inhibiting the activation of COX-2/PGE_(2)/β-catenin signaling pathway.Methods for detecting the harmful components and their residues(organic pollutant polychlorinated biphenyl,heavy metals)and bacteria in Pheretima,have been established.Pheretima,mainly derived from wild earthworms,has remarkable clinical efficacy.However,the wild resource is in short supply and artificial culture is expected to be a promising solution.