发动机曲轴动平衡质量分析及解决

Analysis and Solution of Engine Crankshaft Dynamic Balance Quality

内燃式发动机三大件中的曲轴是由活塞带动做圆周运动的高速回转件,旋转过程承受各种复杂多变的交变载荷;曲轴在加工过程中,对其轴颈直径、圆度、平行度、直线度、轴径跳动、轴径锥度、轴向距离、粗糙度、相位角、动平衡量、清洁度等都会标注各自的技术要求,而曲轴在高速旋转运动过程中自身产生的不平衡振动与其转速的平方成正比。高速转动过程中产生的高频率振动会导致轴瓦承受力负载增加及轴瓦上油膜不均匀消耗,曲轴断裂等风险。曲轴平衡精度的高低对发动机的振动、平稳运行及发动机寿命都很重要。如何去除曲轴动平衡量,这些都是我们需要分析和解决的问题。

The crankshaft of the three major parts of an internal combustion engine is a high-speed rotating part driven by a piston to make a circular motion.The rotation process bears various complex and changeable alternating loads;the crankshaft is in the process of machining its journal diameter and roundness.Parallelism,straightness,shaft diameter runout,shaft diameter taper,axial distance,roughness,phase angle,dynamic balance,cleanliness,etc.will be marked with their respective technical requirements,and the crankshaft itself generates unbalanced vibration during high-speed rotation,which is proportional to the square of its speed.The high-frequency vibration generated during high-speed rotation will lead to increased bearing load and uneven consumption of the oil film on the bearing bush,as well as the risk of crankshaft fracture.The accuracy of crankshaft balance is very important to engine vibration,smooth operation,and engine life.How to remove the dynamic balance of the crankshaft is the problem we need to analyze and solve.