新时期乡村文化的式微流变与重构振兴

The Declining Change and the Reconstructed Revitalization of Rural Culture in the New Era

乡村文化的研究涵盖了乡村文化的本体、主体与载体三个层面。乡村文化本体是人与自我、人与社会、人与自然的集中反映,基于本体层面的角度从追溯乡村文化的本然属性与逻辑外延进行探讨,政治属性之于意识形态、经济属性之于生产方式、社会属性之于生活方式。乡村文化的主体无疑是指它的创造者与受用者——人而言,从宏阔的历史进程来讲,乡村文化是我们民族的根脉,乡村文化建设是乡村振兴的重要内容,现代化城市化进程中乡村文化结构、秩序、样态面临严峻的挑战与危机,作为主体如何科学客观理性地对待乡村文化的价值,才能实现真正意义上的“乡村振兴既要塑形也要铸魂”。乡村文化的载体是文化在乡土场域中的实践与精神样态,随着乡村文化以小农耕作为基础向工商农为基础的转变、以本土田野文化向公共文化与本土文化相融合共发力的转变,试图探讨现代化场域下的乡村文化走向与出路,以期对乡村振兴的建设有所见解。

There are three levels of noumenon,subject and carrier in the research of rural culture.The noumenon of rural culture is a concentrated reflection of man and self,man and society,and man and nature.From the perspective of noumenon,this paper discusses the inherent attribute and logical extension of rural culture,such as the political attribute of ideology,the economic attribute of production mode and the social attribute of way of life.The subject of rural culture undoubtedly refers to the people,its creators and receivers.In terms of the grand historical process,rural culture is the root of the Chinese nation and its development is a significant part of rural revitalization.In the process of modernization and urbanization,the structure,order and mode of rural culture are faced with severe challenges and crises.As a subject,only if the rural culture is valued scientifically,objectively and rationally can we realize the true sense of the saying that“rural revitalization should cast not only the shape but also the soul”.As a cultural carrier,rural culture is the practice and the spiritual state in the rural field.With the transformation of rural culture from the smallholder farming basis to the industrial-commercial-agricultural basis,there would be a change from the local field culture to the integration of public culture and local culture.This paper attempts to discuss the Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains in the modern field in order to provide reference for the construction of rural revitalization.