减轻损失规则的帕累托效率解读与展开

A Pareto-Efficiency Interpretation of Mitigation Rule and the Institution Construction upon its Basis

帕累托效率说能够给减轻损失规则以最为直接、合理的解释。在违约的情况下,实现债权人的期待利益可能有不同方式,减损规则所认可的是使损失较小进而能减轻债务人负担的方式。以帕累托效率观念为指引,确定非金钱给付和金钱给付的债权人利益何在,并明确债权人不应徒然支出附带费用,不应放任完整利益损失发生或扩大,可对减损规则的具体要求作全面的、体系化的建构。基于帕累托效率观念也可以对减损要求的制约因素作有条理的整理:减损要求不能有害于债权人的期待利益;减损要求应有实效,不能负担过重;选择有利于债务人的方案不是无条件的,债务人仍应对债权人因缺乏资力而未能合理地避免的损失负责。

Pareto-efficiency theory can explain mitigation rules most directly and reasonably.If the obligor breaches,there may be different means of realizing the obligee's expectation interest,mitigation rule approves the one which can reduce loss and then release the obligor's burden.With the guidance of Pareto-efficiency,we should ensure the obligee's interest in non-money and money performance,require the obligee not to expend costs futilely,not to let damage to integrity interest occur or expand.Instead,we can thoroughly and systematically construct the requirements of mitigation rule.The constraining factors of mitigation requirements can also be orderly organized based on the conception of Pareto-efficiency:mitigation requirements should not be detrimental to the obligee's expectation interest;mitigation requirements should be effective and not impose heavy burden on the obligee;adoption of the scheme which benefits the obligor is not unconditional.The obligor should be liable for the loss that the obligee has not mitigated reasonably because of the lack of economic resources.