生命礼物的流动:从人体器官捐献的决策到器官移植的接纳

The Flow of the Gift of Life:from Human Organ Donation Decision-making to Organ Transplantation Acceptance

探讨生命礼物从人体器官捐献决策到移植接纳的全过程。首先,从人类学、法学等不同视角对生命礼物的内涵进行诠释。其次,生命礼物捐献的决策事实上并不完全取决于捐献者自身,亲属甚至更大层面的社会人际关系都会影响其捐献决策。与此同时,在捐献的过程中人体器官捐献协调员实际上扮演了一个超越医学功能范围的角色。再次,生命礼物分配的机制打破了传统礼物“赠予-接受-回赠”的简单模式,介入了医学与政策的第三方因素。最后,生命礼物的接受意味着技术与文化的双重融合,传统和现代力量相互碰撞,共同发生在移植者的身体上。只有真正理解生命礼物背后所蕴含的社会文化意涵,才能制定出更具人文关怀的人体器官捐献与移植政策。

This paper discusses the whole process of the gift of life from human organ donation decision-making to transplantation acceptance.Firstly,the connotation of the gift of life is interpreted from different perspectives including anthropology and law.Secondly,in fact the decision to donate the gift of life doesn't depend on the donors entirely.The relatives and even larger social relationships can influence the donation decision-making.At the same time,human organ donation coordinators actually play a role of transcending medical functions in the process of donation.Thirdly,the mechanism of the distribution of the gift of life breaks the simple pattern of the"gift-receive-return"of the traditional gift,and the third-party factors of medicine and policies are involved.Finally,the acceptance of the gift of life means the double fusion of technology and culture and the collision of traditional and modern forces occurring in the body of the transplant recipients.Only by truly understanding the social and cultural implications behind the gift of life can we make the policies of human organ donation and transplantation with more humanistic care.