潍坊市某高校贫困大学生自我效能感、应对方式与心身症状的关系

Relationship Among Self-efficacy,Coping Styles and Psychosomatic Symptoms of Poor College Students in a University in Weifang

目的:探讨贫困大学生自我效能感、应对方式与心身症状之间的关系,为贫困大学生的心理健康教育提供参考。方法:2019年1-2月,随机抽取潍坊市某高校贫困大学生作为研究对象,采用一般情况调查量表、一般自我效能感量表、应对方式问卷、症状自评量表进行调查。结果:共得到767份有效问卷。贫困大学生在躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、敌对、偏执6个因子方面与全国大学生常模的差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。高自我效能感的贫困生心身症状水平优于低自我效能感的贫困生(P<0.01)。贫困生心身症状总分及各因子得分与解决问题、求助、自我效能感得分呈显著负相关(P<0.01),与自责、幻想、退避、合理化得分呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。成熟型应对方式、不成熟型应对方式、混合型应对方式在自我效能感与心身症状之间起部分中介作用,中介效应值分别为-0.73、-1.26、-0.33。结论:自我效能感可直接影响贫困生的心身症状,也可通过应对方式间接影响贫困生的心身症状,应从提高贫困生自我效能感和引导其选择合适的应对方式两个方面对贫困生的心理健康进行干预。

Objective:To explore the relationship among self-efficacy,coping styles and psychosomatic symptoms of poor college students,so as to provide references for the psychological health education of poor college students.Methods:From January to February 2019,the poor college students in a university in Weifang were investigated with questionnaires including the basic condition questionnaire,General Self-efficacy Scale,Coping Styles Questionnaire and Symptom Checklist 90 randomly.Results:A total of 767 valid questionnaires were obtained.There were significant differences between poor college students and national college students in terms of somatization,obsessive symptoms,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,hostility and paranoia(all P<0.05).The poor college students with high self-efficacy were better than poor college students with low self-efficacy in terms of psychosomatic symptoms(P<0.01).The total scores of psychosomatic symptoms and the scores of each factor of poor college students were significantly negatively correlated with the scores of problem-solving,help and self-efficacy(P<0.01)and significantly positively correlated with the scores of self-blame,fantasy,retreat and rationalization(P<0.01).Mature coping styles,immature coping styles and mixed coping styles partly mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and psychosomatic symptoms,and the mediation effect values were-0.73,-1.26 and-0.33.Conclusion:Self-efficacy can directly affect the psychosomatic symptoms of poor college students and indirectly affect the psychosomatic symptoms of poor college students through coping styles.Mental health of poor college students can be intervened from the aspects of improving the self-efficacy of poor college students and guiding them to choose appropriate coping styles.