敦煌藏文回向类祈愿文文献抄写年代考析

A Textual Research on the Writing Date of Dunhuang Tibetan Prayer Manuscripts

敦煌藏经洞出土的大量藏文祈愿文文献中,为颂扬德行、祈福求佑的功德回向类祈愿文占据一定数量,这些珍贵文献反映了吐蕃时期佛教的生存状态,也从侧面将当时民众的精神世界昭然无遗,具有重要的研究价值。其中,涉及的祈愿对象大致分为赞普及其亲眷和德高权重的高僧、官吏祈愿等两大类。这些文献大部分没有明确记载抄写年代,本文通过对上述文献的对比研究,认为,吐蕃执政时期,即公元848年之前的祈愿文为赞普和亲眷写就,吐蕃政权落败后以他们为祈愿对象的文献较为罕见;而为高僧和官员祈愿的文献多半在赞普政权没落之后盛行。

Among the large number of Tibetan prayer documents unearthed from the Dunhuang Cave,the documents of dedicate merits and virtues blessings takes up a certain number.These precious documents reflects the living state of Buddhism during the Tubo period,also from the side,it bring out the spiritual world of the people at that time,it has important research value,the target of prayer can be roughly divided into two categories:bTsan-po and his relatives,highly-regarded eminent monk and government officials,most of these documents do not specify the time of copying,but through comparative study of above-mentioned documents,we could learn:before 848 AD during the Tubo reign,the most prayers were written for bTsan-po and his relatives;after the defeat of the Tubo regime,ifs rare to see as they be the objects of prayers,the most of the documents praying for eminent monk and government officials flourished after the fall GibTsan-po regime.