藏文词汇“myang”与“nyang”的内在联系及比较研究

The Historical Evolution and Comparative Study of the Tibetan Word ‘Myang’ to ‘Nyang’

有关记载吐蕃王朝之前的十二小邦国历史文献中多次出与“myang”一词有关的地名和姓名,并且在后期的很多历史文献中多次出现由“nyang”代替“myang”的文献现象,故研究其关系及含义对厘清部分历史问题具有一定的学术价值。本文通过对敦煌文献与《贤者喜宴》等藏文早期历史文献的分析,确定了十二小邦时代的“myangroaipyedkar”“myangroai sham po”和“myangyulgyirtagsum”三地分别在今西藏日喀则地区的江孜县、白朗县及林芝地区的工布江达县境内。从十二世纪藏文历史文献《弟吴宗教源流》中将“nyangro sham po”和“nyangrophyedkar”等词写为“myangroai sham po”和“umyangroaiphyedkar”,进一步表明了“myang”演变为“nyong”的历史现象。

According to the historical documents of Tubo Period,the word"Myang"related to place names and names appeared many times in the Twelve Minor States,and in later documents,it constantly appeared in the phenomenon that"Nyang"was replaced by"Myang".Therefore,it is of great historical value to study its relationship and meaning.Based on the analysis of Dunhuang Documents and Tibetan historical documents such as mKhas-Pa'-dGa'-sTon.This paper first determines that"Myang-Ro'i-Pyed-Kaf","Myang-Ro'i-Sham-Po"and"Myang-Yul-Gyi-rTa-gSuni"in the pre Tubo Period are now under the rule of rGyal-rTse County and Pa-sNam County in gZhis-Ka-rTse Region and Kong-Po-rGya-mD'County in Nying-Khri Region.In addition,the words"Nyang-Ro-Sham-Po"and"Nyang-RoPyed-Kar"appeared for the first time in the 12th century in the Tibetan literature the Origin of the Religion of lDe'u,as well as the exchange of"Myang-Ro'i-Sham-Po"and"Myang-Ro'i-Pyed-Kaf",from which we can see the historical phenomenon that"Myang"evolved into"Nyang".