医学检验中的伦理问题及其治理

Ethical Issues in Medical Testing and Their Governance

医学检验伦理是医学检验实践中的伦理关系及其道德意识、道德规范的总称,是医学伦理学的重要分支,也是医学检验进步的重要标志。现代医学检验技术的高速发展是一把“双刃剑”,一方面极大地提升了患者利益,另一方面带来了系列不容忽视的伦理道德问题。目前医学检验过程中由于检验行为包括检验手段、检验程序、检验结果应用等方面不正当,产生了侵犯患者权利,以及由于检验人员职业精神弱化,产生了道德情感淡漠、缺乏医学人文关怀等一系列伦理道德问题。医学检验伦理问题的治理,首先必须坚持自主性原则、不伤害与有利原则、保密原则、公正原则等相关医学检验伦理原则。其次必须建立良好的医学检验伦理体系,其路径主要包括:建立医学检验伦理办公室,完善相关法律法规,营造良好医学检验伦理文化氛围,全面提升医学检验人员职业道德素养等。

Medical laboratory ethics refers to the general term of the ethical relations,moral consciousness and moral norms in the practice of medical laboratory.It is an important branch of medical ethics and an important symbol of the progress of medical laboratory.The rapid development of modern medical laboratory technology is a“double-edged sword”.On the one hand,it greatly improves the benefits of patients,and on the other hand,it brings a series of ethical and moral problems that cannot be ignored.At present,in the process of medical examination,due to the improper examination behavior,including the examination means,the examination procedure and the application of the examination results,the rights of patients have been violated,and due to the weakening of the professional spirit of the examination personnel,a series of ethical and moral problems have been generated,such as the indifference of moral emotion and the lack of medical humanistic care.The treatment of medical laboratory ethics must first adhere to the principles of autonomy,no harm and benefit,confidentiality,justice and other related medical laboratory ethics.Secondly,it is necessary to establish a good medical laboratory ethics system,including:establishing medical laboratory ethics office,improving relevant laws and regulations,creating a good cultural atmosphere of medical laboratory ethics,and comprehensively enhancing the professional ethics of medical laboratory personnel.