硒纳米颗粒抗菌作用及机制的研究进展

Progress on antibacterial functions and mechanism of selenium nanoparticles

硒是人体重要的微量元素,与人体健康密切相关。近年来,拥有良好抗菌活性的硒纳米颗粒得到广泛关注。硒纳米颗粒直径更小,与细菌细胞膜接触面积更大,可直接破坏细菌的细胞膜,对其造成伤害。生物材料表面的微生物定植,成为术后感染的一大重要原因,而硒纳米颗粒可以抑制细菌生物膜的形成,使其变为浮游形式,增加细菌对抗生素的敏感性。此外,硒纳米颗粒可以激活细菌产生活性氧,通过脂质过氧化作用导致细菌膜孔隙率增加,细菌变形塌陷而死亡。进一步研究发现,硒纳米颗粒可以下调细菌中相关基因的表达,从而减弱细胞膜功能。另外,硒作为非金属的微量元素,与金属纳米颗粒相比具有毒性低、生物相容性高等优势,应用前景更加广阔。进一步加强对硒纳米颗粒抗菌作用的研究和认识,能为临床的新药开发提供证据,对降低院内感染具有重要意义。文章从制备方法及抗菌作用、抗菌机制、生物相容性和临床应用4个方面对硒纳米颗粒进行了综述。

Seleniumisan is an important microelement in human body,and is closely related to human health.Due to the good antibacterial activity,selenium nanoparticles have been received widespread attention in recent years.Selenium nanoparticles have a smaller diameter and a larger contact area with the bacterial cell membrane,which can directly destroy the bacterial cell membrane and cause damage to bacteria.The colonization of microorganisms on the surface of biological materials has become a vital cause of postoperative infections,while selenium nanoparticles can inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilms,make them into a planktonic form,and increase the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics.In addition,selenium nanoparticles can activate bacteria to produce reactive oxygen species.Through lipid peroxidation,the porosity of the bacterial membrane increases,which caused the bacteria deformed,collapsed and died.Further studies have found that selenium nanoparticles can down-regulate the expression of related genes in bacteria,thereby weakening the functions of cell membranes and reducing the ability of bacteria to adhere and colonize.In addition,as a non-metallic microelement,selenium has the advantages of low toxicity and high biocompatibility compared with metal nanoparticles,so its application prospects will be broader.The further research and understanding of the antibacterial effects of selenium nanoparticles can not only provide evidence for the development of new clinical drugs,but also provide clinicians with new treatment ideas,which is of great significance for reducing nosocomial infections.This review aims to summarize the progress of antibacterial effects and mechanisms of selenium nanoparticles.