基于健康信念模型的老年人健康管理服务利用影响因素分析

Factors influencing the utilization of health management service for the elderly based on health belief model

目的分析我国三省市68岁以上老年人健康管理体检服务利用的影响因素。方法以健康信念模型为指导,采用自行设计的调查问卷,对我国三省市12个县(区)采用多阶段抽样方法选取研究对象进行问卷调查。结果1081名老年人中,795人(73.54%)近三年体检服务利用次数达到了国家最低要求,尚有286人(26.46%)未达到国家最低要求。健康信念模型各维度得分分别为易感性认知得分(0.66±0.14)分,严重性认知得分(0.76±0.14)分,收益性认知得分(0.82±0.19)分,障碍性认知得分(0.37±0.10)分,有效性认知得分(0.82±0.18)分。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、是否工作、饮酒、自测体重、自测血压、障碍性认知、城乡和地区是老年人健康管理体检服务利用的影响因素。结论健康体检对了解老年人自身健康状况非常重要,应有针对性地采取干预措施,提高老年人健康体检的意识。

Objective To analyze the factors influencing the utilization of physical examination services for health management of elderly aged over 68 in three cities of different provinces in China.Methods Under the guidance of the health belief model,a self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct a survey on the subjects selected by multi-stage sampling from 12 counties(districts)of three cities in China.Results Among the 1,081 elderly people,795(73.54%)in recent three years met the minimum national requirements for the utilization of physical examination services,while 286(26.46%)failed to meet the national minimum requirements.The scores for each dimension of the health belief model were as follows:the susceptibility perception score was(0.66±0.14);the severity perception score(0.76±0.14);the gain perception score(0.82±0.19);the obstacle perception score(0.37±0.10)and the effectiveness perception score(0.82±0.18).Logistic regression analysis showed that age,working or not,alcohol consumption,self-measurement of weight,self-measurement of blood pressure,barrier perception,urban or rural areas and living regions were factors influencing the utilization of physical examination services for health management of the elderly.Conclusion Physical examination is very important for knowing the health status of the elderly,so we should take targeted intervention measures to improve the awareness of health examination in the elderly.