利用爆炸水雾抑制露天爆破粉尘的试验研究

Experimental Study on Dust Suppression byExplosion Water Mist in Open Bench Blasting

露天深孔爆破粉尘量大、污染范围广,研究高效合理的爆破降尘技术是绿色矿山建设的当务之急。论文通过现场试验,揭示露天深孔台阶爆破的粉尘来源主要有:炮孔填塞物冲孔、岩石破裂及粉碎和临空面抛散三个部位,粉尘产量与地下水、岩性、爆破方式密切相关。为此,有针对性地设计了水袋封堵炮孔、爆区顶面和抛掷前方水袋爆炸成雾的立体水雾降尘模型。通过水袋爆炸成雾的专项试验,得出合理的水袋爆炸成雾设计参数,水袋爆炸的最佳炸药单耗为0.4~0.5 kg/m 3。现场试验应用表明,合理的水袋间距为5~10 m、水袋比炮孔爆炸延时1.0~1.5 s,孔口水袋封堵长度4 m以内。综合试验效果使爆破粉尘浓度降低了50%以上,爆炸水雾降尘方法简易、效果明显。

Due to the large amount of dust and wide range of pollution caused by open-pit deep-hole blasting,it is urgent to study an efficient and reasonable blasting dust suppression technology for green mine construction.Through field test,the paper reveals that the dust sources of deep-hole bench blasting in open-pit mainly include three parts:ejection of blasting-hole stemming,breaking and crushing of rock,and scattering of surface.Besides,the dust production is closely related to groundwater,lithology and blasting mode.Therefore,a three-dimensional water mist suppression model was designed by using water bags to stemming the holes and be exploded into water mist in front of the bench surface of the blasting and throw area.Through the special tests of the water bags explosion,a reasonable design parameters of water bag explosion were obtained,the optimal explosive consumption for water bag explosion is 0.4~0.5 kg/m 3.The field tests and applications show that the reasonable water bags spacing is 5~10 m,the delay time of water bag blasting is 1.0~1.5 s than that of hole explosion,and the stemming length of water bags is less than 4 m.The comprehensive test results reduce the concentration of blasting dust by more than 50%,and the method of dust suppression by explosion water mist is simple and effective.