中国高技术产业空间格局演变特征研究

Analysis of Spatial Pattern Evolution Characteristics of High-Tech Industry in China

运用2000—2018年高技术产业统计数据,通过计算营业收入和利润等指标在产业中的占比变化情况,判断产业变化和布局演化,并通过计算空间基尼系数、行业集中度及区位熵研究其集聚程度。研究表明:总体上看,中国高技术产业发展规模不断扩大,但利润水平并没有得到大幅提升;产业集聚度较高,但经历了“低—高—低”的演变过程,呈倒U形发展趋势;空间布局上以华南、华东、西南地区为主,呈现南强北弱的格局。分行业看,截至2018年,医药制造业在空间上以华东地区为主,苏、鲁等是最大集中区,但行业集中度不高。航空航天制造业在空间上以西北、华北、西南地区为主,陕、津是最大集中区,行业集中度偏高。电子及通信设备制造业在空间上以华南、华东地区为主,粤、苏是最大集中区,医疗设备及仪器仪表制造业在空间上以华东地区为主,苏、粤、浙是最大集中区,两行业集中度较高。电子计算机及办公设备制造业在空间上以华东、华南、西南地区为主,苏、粤、渝、川是最大集中区,行业集中度很高。

Based on statistic data of high-tech industry from 2000 to 2018,this paper identifies the spatial pattern evolution of China s high-tech industry by changes in share of its revenue,profit,and other indices in entire China s manufacturing sector.Meanwhile,by exploiting the space Gini coefficient,concentration ratio,and location quotient,the industrial agglomeration degree is also analyzed.Our research shows the development of China s high-tech industry in general has continually increased,whereas profit level has not improved substantially.On the other hand,the results show a relatively high industrial agglomeration degree while it through an inverted U-shaped devolution of low-high-low.For spatial layout,China s high-tech industry is mainly concentrated in east,south and southwest China areas.For different sub-industries,the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry had mainly concentrated in east China areas,especially in Jiangsu and Shandong.However,the concentration ratio was still low.The aerospace manufacturing industry had mostly concentrated in northwest,north,and southwest China areas,especially in Shaanxi and Tianjin,with relatively high concentration ratio.The electronic and telecommunications equipment industry had mainly concentrated in south and east China areas,especially in Guangdong and Jiangsu,with relatively high concentration ratio.The medical treatment instrument and meter manufacturing industry had mainly concentrated in east China,especially in Jiangsu,Guangdong and Zhejiang,with relatively high concentration ratio.The electronic computer and office equipment manufacturing industry had mainly concentrated in east,south and southwest China areas,especially in Jiangsu,Guangdong,Chongqing and Sichuan.Meanwhile,it presented a fairly high concentration ratio.