1+2音节动宾搭配的原型性和有限类推性

Prototype Features and Limited Productivity of Verb-Objection Structures with 1+2 Syllables in the Chinese Language

动宾关系一直是语言学研究的重点和难点,传统的宾语分类方式不能涵盖所有的宾语类型,也难以解释非受事宾语的有限类推性。以原型的范畴化方法认识汉语动宾结构,将“受动性”视为动宾结构的原型特征,可以较好地避免上述问题。简单反应实验显示,“受动性”在动宾结构的识解过程中具有原型效应,随着原型特征受动性的减少,被试识解相应宾语的速度随之降低。缺乏原型特征也解释了非受事宾语的有限类推性——核心成员被原型直接允准,而非核心成员只能通过高例频率发展而来的局部原型允准。

Verb-object relationship in the Chinese language has always been a hot topic in linguistic studies.Previous categorizations fail to cover all kinds of object types and can not give a good explanation to the limited productivity of non-patient objects.Based on categorization by prototype,the present study examines verb-object relationship with“affectedness”as its prototypical feature,which can avoid above-mentioned problems.Relevant experiment testifies the presence of prototype effect is entailed in affectedness for construing verb-object structure,that is,the more affected an object is,the faster it would be construed.Moreover,the absence of“affectedness”accounts for the limited productivity of nonpatient objects——core members receive full sanction from prototype while peripheral members can only be sanctioned by regional prototype that came from high token frequency.