美国城市停车楼建筑发展历程、现状及其趋势

Development Process,Status and Trend of Parking Garage in American Cities

美国,作为一个"车轮上的国度",停车楼已成为和住宅、办公楼等建筑一样的城市空间重要组成元素。文章将停车楼建筑的发展分为停车楼起源、现代主义影响以及多元化发展三个阶段,总结了每个阶段停车楼建筑所具有的特征,整体梳理了该种建筑类型的历史发展脉络,并简要分析了当今汽车技术的新发展会给停车楼带来怎样的机遇与挑战,旨在为我国城市停车设施的发展提供参考。

As a"country on wheels",in United States,parking garage has become an important element of urban space as residential buildings,office buildings etc.This paper divides the development of the parking garage into three stages:the origin,the influence of modernism and the diversified development.It summarizes the characteristics of the parking garage in each stage,combs the historical development context of this type of building,and briefly analyzes the opportunities and challenges that the new development of automobile technology will bring to the parking garage.The purpose is to provide reference for the development of urban parking facilities in China.