计算机领域的借词、造词及其新义的赋予

Loanwords,Word-making and Their New Meanings in the Computer Field

计算机领域的词语有一部分借自其他行业,有一部分是自造,其造词方法有句法、修辞、类推、复制、翻译等,具有“一个上义词衍生一组下义词”、“大批同素词产生”(可组成各种“语义场”)、“整体词和部分词同时产生”、“出现许多同物异名”等特点;赋予新义的思维方式主要有隐喻和转喻、“意象图式”的导引。

some of the words from the computer field are borrowed from other industries.Some of them are self-made,including syntax,rhetoric,analogy,replication,translation and so on,with the characteristics of"one upper meaning word derived from a group of lower meaning words","producing a large number of homoprime words"(can form various"semantic field"),"producing whole words and partial words simultaneously",and"many different names for the same thing",etc;The thinking way of giving new meanings mainly includes metaphor,metonymy and"image schema".