《耶鲁报告》的历史意义:美国高等教育史学家的解读

The Historical Implications of The Yale Report:An Interpretation of American Historians of Higher Education

《耶鲁报告》是一份高等教育课程史文件,它反映了美国战前学院的历史现实,对《耶鲁报告》的不同解读也反映了长期以来由它引发的历史学的辩论。美国传统高等教育史学家将《耶鲁报告》视为精英主义和保守主义的辩护词,是与美国工业化、城市化和民主化进程背道而驰的抵抗性文件。为了驳斥美国传统高等教育史学家对《耶鲁报告》的解释,美国修正派高等教育史学家对《耶鲁报告》的历史意义进行了重新解读,认为它并非对19世纪早期课程改革的防御抵抗,而是对19世纪早期教育发展的一种回应,并为现代化课程奠定了基础。美国后修正派高等教育史学家从政治意识形态的角度解析《耶鲁报告》,认为它反映的是新共和主义者或联邦主义者的政治意识形态立场。

The Yale Report is a document on the curriculum history of higher education,and its interpretation reflects not only the historical realities of the pre-war colleges in the United States,but also the historiographical debates that it has long provoked.Traditional American historians of higher education have viewed The Yale Report as a defense of elitism and conservatism,a document of resistance that runs counter to the processes of industrialization,urbanization,and democratization in the United States.To refute the traditional American higher education historians’interpretation of The Yale Report,American revisionist higher education historians have reinterpreted the historical significance of The Yale Report not as a defensive resistance to early 19th century curriculum reform,but as a response to early 19th century educational developments while laying the groundwork for a modern curriculum.American post-revisionist historians of higher education have analyzed The Yale Report from the perspective of political ideology,arguing that it reflected the political ideological positions of the New Republicans and Federalists.