美国公立学校运动的先驱兰卡斯特学校研究

“Lancastrian Schools”in America:The Forerunners of Common School Movement

18世纪末诞生于英国的兰卡斯特学校以“廉价”“高效”闻名,为世界初等教育和师范教育事业的发展作出重大贡献。19世纪初,兰卡斯特学校在美国的传播与发展开启了美国学校从“慈善”向“公共”的转变,既促进了学校和学生数量的快速增加,也在道德塑造、社会治理等方面产生了深刻的影响,为公立学校运动的爆发提供了充分的教育基础和思想准备。毫不夸张地说,兰卡斯特学校是美国公立学校运动的先驱。作为英美教育交流的产物,它为美国公立学校提供了一种制度化的教学组织形式,是英国模式在独立战争后的美国的延伸和发展。

Lancastrian School,which was born in England at the end of the 18th century,was famous for its cheapness and high efficiency.It has made a great contribution to the cause of primary education and normal education in the world.The spread and development of“Lancastrian Schools”in the United States in the early 19th century promoted the transformation of American schools from charitable institutions to public organizations.It contributed to both a rapid increase in the number of schools and students,as well as a profound impact in terms of moral formation and social governance,providing a sufficient educational foundation and ideological preparation for the explosion of the public school movement.It is no exaggeration to say that Lancaster School was the pioneer of the public school movement.As a product of the Anglo-American educational exchange,it provided an institutionalized form of instructional organization for American public schools,and was an extension and development of the British model after the American Revolutionary War.