外泌体治疗椎间盘退变的研究进展

Research progress of exosomes in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration

椎间盘退变(IDD)是一种以髓核细胞数量减少、细胞外基质降解为主要病理特征的骨科常见疾病,其具体发病机制尚不明确,目前的治疗方式仅可缓解患者的临床症状,无法延缓或逆转其退变进程。因此,寻求一种有效的方法修复IDD已成为当前研究的主要目标。近年来,外泌体在再生医学领域逐渐成为研究热点。承载有大量核酸、蛋白质、脂质、细胞因子等生物活性分子的外泌体可参与不同细胞间的信息传递,在调控受体细胞的生物学功能中发挥重要作用。研究发现,外泌体可抑制髓核细胞凋亡和炎症反应,促进髓核细胞增殖和再生,具有治愈IDD的潜能。该文就不同细胞来源外泌体的生物学特性和功能及其在IDD治疗中的作用及机制进行综述,以期为后续研究提供参考。

Intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD)is a common orthopedic disease characterized by reduction of nucleus pulposus cells and degradation of extracellular matrix.Its specific pathogenesis is not clear.The current treatment can only improve the clinical symptoms of patients,but can not delay or reverse the process of degeneration.Therefore,to find an effective method to repair IDD has become the main goal of current research.In recent years,exosomes have gradually become a research hotspot in the field of regenerative medicine.Exosomes carrying a large number of nucleic acids,proteins,lipids,cytokines and other bioactive molecules participate in the information transmission between different cells and play an important role in regulating the biological functions of receptor cells.Studies have confirmed that exosomes can inhibit the apoptosis and inflammatory reaction of nucleus pulposus cells,promote the proliferation and regeneration of nucleus pulposus cells,and have the potential to cure IDD.In this paper,the characteristics and functions of exosomes from different cell sources and its effect and mechanism in IDD repair were summarized,in order to provide reference for the subsequent studies.