扶贫模式的理论逻辑和实证分析

Theoretical Logic and Empirical Analysis of Poverty Alleviation Modes

各国政府以及世界组织在实践中积累了可贵的减贫经验。改革开放以来,中国的减贫事业取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就,不但发挥了传统的“专业式扶贫”优势,而且通过艰难探索,创造性地实践了“开发式扶贫”,实现精准扶贫,不仅有效地解决了中国的贫困问题,还为人类减贫事业贡献了全新的知识。本文从动态委托代理理论的角度,结合委托人的项目管理模式和代理人的执行项目能力,分析了“专业式扶贫”和“开发式扶贫”的激励机制,并采用OECD数据库的国际援助数据进行了实证检验。结论表明,两种模式各具优势,具体的减贫模式应该与扶贫官员的教育水平、政府治理水平和经济增长潜力等特征相匹配,才能更有效地发挥作用。本文从理论和实证上印证了我国精准扶贫的逻辑,对于其他国家特别是发展中国家的扶贫事业具有借鉴作用。

Governments and world organizations have accumulated valuable experience in poverty reduc-tion.Since China s policy reform and opening,its poverty alleviation work has made great achievements that attract worldwide attention.China not only gives full play to the advantages of traditional“professional poverty alleviation mode”,but also explores hard,and creatively practices“development-oriented poverty alleviation mode”.China s targeted poverty alleviation not only effectively solves its poverty problem,but also contributes new knowledge to worldwide poverty alleviation work.This paper applies a two-period dynamic principal-agent model to explain the mechanism of“professional poverty alleviation mode”and“development-oriented poverty reduction mode”,and uses the international aids data from OECD statistics database to do the empirical study.The results show that two modes have their own advantages.To make the poverty reduction more effective,the mode choice should match the education level of poverty alleviation officials,government governance level,and economic growth potential.The paper confirms the logic of China s targeted poverty alleviation theoretically and empirically,which is an indispensable reference for other countries,especially for developing countries.