有氧运动对大学生心血管健康的促进作用

Effects of Aerobic Physical Activity on Cardiovascular Health of College Students

心血管疾病(CVD)是严重危害人类身体健康的主要疾病,许多成年人的CVD始发于青少年时期甚至是儿童阶段,我国在校大学生的心血管健康不容漠视。文章采用文献资料法探究有氧运动(APA)在拮抗和改善CVD方面发挥的健康促进作用,以及有效提升心肺适能(CRF)进而预防和改善CVD的APA运动方式。结果表明:APA可通过提高微血管反应性以改善微循环,通过提升血管内皮细胞的胰岛素敏感性、抑制炎症反应、改善心肌细胞线粒体功能、降低体质量指数并减轻肥胖、维护肠道微生态平衡等方面的作用来减轻和阻遏动脉粥样硬化、高血压、高血脂、高血糖和肥胖、肠道微生态失调等CVD危险因素的发生与发展,并能减轻自由基氧化损伤和细胞凋亡、改善血管内皮功能以及减少心肌梗死等CVD。在校大学生每周至少需要进行150~300 min的中等强度或75~150 min的高强度有氧体力活动,或是二者的某种等效组合。相较于中等强度连续运动(MICT),高强度间歇运动(HIIT)方式效率更高,易于被大学生接受与坚持。

Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is a major disease seriously endangering human health.Because it originates from adolescence or even childhood,the cardiovascular health of college students should not be ignored.This paper adopts the method of documentation to explore the health promoting effect of aerobic physical activity(APA)in antagonizing and improving CVD,and puts forward the prescribed aerobic exercise that can effectively improve cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF),prevent and improve CVD.The results show that APA can improve microcirculation by improving microvascular reactivity,inhibit and reduce the occurrence and development of all risk factors of CVD such as atherosclerosis,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,hyperglycemia and obesity,intestinal microecological disorders by improving insulin sensitivity of vascular endothelial cells,inhibiting inflammatory reaction,improving the cardiovascular function to improve the mitochondrial function of myocardial cells,reduce body mass index and obesity,and maintain the balance of intestinal microecology.APA can also reduce free radical oxidative damage and apoptosis,improve vascular endothelial function,and treat myocardial infarction and other CVD diseases.College students need at least 150~300 minutes aerobic physical activity of moderate intensity or 75~150 minutes aerobic physical activity of high intensity every week,or some equivalent combination of the two.Compared with moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT),high intensity intermittent training(HIIT)would be more efficient and easy for college students to accept and take regularly.